lupus mortality rates
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease COVID is a complex disease with many clinicopathological aspects, including abnormal immunothrombosis, and the full comprehension of its pathogenetic mechanisms is urgently required. Both the diseases in fact exhibit hypercytokinemia, thrombotic microangiopathy, disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure, they show a relationship with viral infections, and they are burdened by a high mortality rate. mortalitj
Highlights
A genetic predisposition to develop these two overlapping conditions may be supposed. In case of imbalance, immunothrombosis lupus mortality rates rapidly become abnormal and to evolve into disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC [ 2 ]. Coronavirus disease COVID is a complex disease with many clinicopathological issues, including respiratory, immune, and coagulative ones [ 345 ]. Lupus anticoagulant LAC is an antiphospholipid aPL autoantibody, which in vivo works as procoagulant, despite the misnomer due to its in vitro properties, by interacting with platelet and rstes membrane phospholipids, so rising adhesion and aggregation of platelets [ 6 ].
Review ARTICLE
Several viral infections run with aPL antibodies production LAC, anti-cardiolipin, anti-apolipoprotein and, in critically ill patients treated under intensive care, alongside the frequent LAC development, there is also a higher density of lung-resident megakaryocytes [ 78 ]. In brief, following the onset of a feverish state with dyspnea, dry cough, sore throat, headache and diarrhea, the patient went to the emergency room, from which he was admitted to the infectious disease ward for COVID pneumonia, as confirmed by imaging Fig.
Shortly thereafter, an episode of peripheral desaturation occurred, for which the patient was subjected to oxygen therapy plus antibiotic lupus mortality rates azithromycinantipyretic paracetamolhydration and insulin therapy; corticosteroids were avoided due to the underlying diabetes. On the same day, he developed a left testicular swelling, and a venous sample for LAC test was taken in the suspicion of lupus mortality rates thrombotic event.
The result of LAC positivity was made available only the day before death, when the lupus mortality rates introduction of heparin in continuous infusion was adopted. Blood tests on the death day showed: white blood cells count Unfortunately, there was no time to combine CVVH with plasmapheresis. NK-MK in fact mean megakaryocytes cytoplasm has been consumed to produce neo-platelets, then released when still alive in the lung microcirculation with prothrombotic effects, which can be dramatically amplified by LAC. In this setting, the simultaneous occurrence of venous and arterial thromboses, as reported ratee 3.
It exhibits hypercytokinemia, thrombotic microangiopathy, DIC and multiple organ failure, exactly as observed in our patient, it is burdened by a high mortality rate and, although its link remains still unknown, viral infections have been identified like trigger factors in certain individuals lupus mortality rates genetic predisposition correlated to human leukocyte antigen HLA polymorphisms HLA-DR4, HLA-DR7, HLA-DRw53 [ 12 ]. Data availability The data presented in this study are available on reasonable rares from the corresponding author; the data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.]
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