What is the master gland that regulates other glands Video
Biopsychology: Endocrine System Explained what is the master gland that regulates other glands
Matthew P. Hoffman, Benjamin L. Kidder, Zachary L. Development 15 December ; 24 : — Analyses of gene expression profiles at five different stages of mouse submandibular salivary gland development provide insight into gland organogenesis and identify genes that may be critical at different stages. Genes with similar expression profiles were clustered, and RT-PCR was used to confirm the developmental changes. We focused on fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 FGFR1as its expression is highest early in gland development. The functional significance of FGFR1 was confirmed by submandibular gland organ culture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Antisense oligonucleotides decreased expression of FGFR1 and reduced branching morphogenesis of the glands. SU treatment decreased cell proliferation but did not increase apoptosis. The embryonic mouse submandibular salivary gland SMG is a classic developmental model system used to https://digitales.com.au/blog/wp-content/custom/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-technology-in/the-american-industrial-revolution-video.php epithelialmesenchymal interactions,branching morphogenesis, and organogenesis Bernfield and Banerjee, ; Grobstein and Cohen, ; Spooner et al.
SMG development involves a complex interplay between inductive events, cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis, and underlying these cellular processes are orchestrated changes in gene expression. There is little information about the genetic regulation of mouse SMG development. The genetic regulation of development in other systems, such as the Drosophila salivary gland Andrew et al. The initiation of mouse SMG development occurs at embryonic day 11 E11 ,and by E12, a single epithelial bud forms within a condensed mesenchyme.
INTRODUCTION
By E13, clefts form in the epithelial bud, which continues to proliferate and cleft in successive rounds of branching, giving rise to multiple cords and buds by E14 Jaskoll et al. By E17, morpho-differentiation and lumenization of ducts and terminal buds has occurred. Functional differentiation of the gland begins just before birth and continues on day 1 D1 after birth when the gland starts to secrete saliva.
Most acinar and ductal cell differentiation occurs by D5. The androgen-dependent differentiation of the granular convoluted tubules GCT occurs at puberty Gresik, The developmental stages are not absolute, and there is a range of regulate variation occurring within an individual gland and between contiki south from animals in the same litter. A Developmental stages of mouse SMGs used for array analysis. B A portion of the Atlas 1. FGFs are a family of intercellular signaling molecules that contains at least 22 members Ornitz and Itoh, Hte role of BMPs as agonists or antagonists to FGFs has been studied in other developmental systems including tooth formation Neubuser et al.
There are four known FGF receptors, and receptors 1, 2 and 3 each have two isoforms due to alternate splicing in their extracellular domains Ornitz et al.
Review Date 5/10/2019
Recently, a fifth FGFR has been identified with two splice isoforms but no intracellular kinase domain Kim et al. Although FGF7 promotes stalk elongation of SMG epithelial explants cultured in the absence of mesenchyme Morita and Nogawa,branching morphogenesis in Fgf7 knockout mice occurs normally Guo et al. Abnormal salivary gland phenotypes were reported in mice with a heterozygotic abrogation of Fgfr2c -exon 9 IIIcBmp7 -null and Pax6 -null mice Jaskoll et al. Complementary DNA cDNA arrays generate profiles of gene expression and provide insight into the genetic regulation of complex biological systems.
Array analysis has been used to compare gene expression profiles in cells Rolli-Derkinderen and Gaestel,tissues Lemkin et al. We used cDNA arrays to profile gene expression in developing mouse SMGs to investigate the genetic mechanisms involved in gland development.
We found that Fgfr1 is expressed most highly early in gland development.]
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