Who wrote federalist 78 - digitales.com.au

Who wrote federalist 78

Who wrote federalist 78 Video

Federalist 78 (The Supreme Court by Alexander Hamilton)

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John M. Supreme Court rendered a variety of rulings that conservative constitutionalists found troubling, if not distressing.

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Chief among these were the incoherent pair of Michigan cases, which found race-based admissions policies either constitutional or not constitutional depending on how disingenuous they are, and a case from Texas which proclaimed a newly-discovered right to sodomy lurking in the assorted penumbras of the Constitution. While conservatives were right to train their fire on the reasoning of the cases, a focus on the content of the decisions obstructs our view from another central question: What is the proper role of the federal judiciary in the American polity? One answer to that question can be found in the doctrine of "judicialism," which holds that the Supreme Court is the primary, and perhaps sole, interpreter of the Constitution, and that all other state and federal institutions should simply submit to its judgment.

Cases are "handed down," as if from Mt. Sinai, and it is neither the duty nor the right of the elected branches to inquire too deeply into constitutional questions. In its baldest form, the admirers of the Court simply declare that "the Constitution is whatever the Supreme Court says it is. And it seems clear enough that they expected it to engage in what we now call judicial review. In the Federalist papers, Alexander Hamilton called an independent judiciary an "excellent barrier to the encroachments and oppressions of the representative body Limitations [on legislative authority] can be preserved in who wrote federalist 78 no other way than through the medium of courts of justice, whose duty it must be to declare all just click for source contrary to the manifest tenor of the Constitution void. Indeed, it must be considered contrary to the spirit of republicanism to place a claim of infallibility in any political institution devised and operated by who wrote federalist 78 beings.

The history of the Court itself is replete with demonstrations of its constitutional fallibility; Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v.

who wrote federalist 78

Board cannot both be correct, nor could the court be error-free both before and after the "switch in time that saved nine. Just as judicialism gives the political system no means to deal with courts that are consistently and aggressively in error, it gives members of the elected branches no resources with which to fill the breach if the federal courts are insufficiently active and simply refuse to exercise their power to enforce the Constitution.

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May Jack nicas or the President simply disregard the constitutional implications of their actions just because the courts have lost interest in defending a particular aspect of the Constitution? While judicialism would say yes, members of Congress, the President, and state elected officials like governors and legislators swear an oath of faithfulness to the Constitution, strongly implying that they have a positive duty that goes well beyond merely providing obeisance to the Who wrote federalist 78 Court. As always, insight into the thinking of the framers can be gained by examining the Federalist. While Hamilton explicitly laid out the principle of judicial review, he did not get around to feddralist so until the 78th Federalist paper out of In a few earlier papers, Publius referred to the judicial power in passing.

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Yet other papers were filled with discussion of constitutional interpretation, positing Congress, the executive, the states, and the people themselves as the primary players in defending the Constitution: In Federalist 17, Hamilton argued that the states wrotd be able effectually to oppose who wrote federalist 78 encroachments of the federal government. If the federal government should overpass the just bounds of its authority and make a tyrannical use of its powers, the people, whose creature it is, must appeal to the standard they have formed, and take such measures to redress the injury done to the Constitution as the exigency may suggest and prudence who wrote federalist 78.

In number 81, Hamilton elaborated on the "important constitutional check" on the judiciary of the congressional power of impeachment and removal, which gives to Congress "the means of punishing their presumption by degrading them from their stations. Hamilton averred that "We may safely rely on the disposition of the Whho legislatures to erect barriers against the encroachments of the national authority. First, judicial power was only legitimate when it was not fused with executive or legislative power.

While his primary concern was that a feeble judiciary would be subsumed in practice under another branch, the reverse would be equally troubling.

who wrote federalist 78

It only supposes that the power of the people [and their Constitution] is superior to both. In other words, it cannot enforce its own decisions. Such a situation only constitutes weakness, however, if Congress and the executive are willing to refrain from enforcing court decisions. The relative who wrote federalist 78 of courts alleged by Hamilton is only an accurate appraisal if the other branches maintain their own capacity to interpret the Constitution and maintain the option of defending their own interpretations over those of the court.

The antifederalist "Brutus," for example, complained that the federal courts will give the sense of every article of the constitution, that may from time to time come before them. fedetalist

who wrote federalist 78

And in their decisions they will not confine themselves to any fixed or established rules, but will determine, according to what appears to who wrote federalist 78, the reason and spirit of the constitution. The opinions of the supreme court, whatever they may be, will have the force of law; because there is qho power provided in the constitution, that can correct their errors, or control their adjudications. From this court there is no appeal there is no power above them, to control any of their decisions.]

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