A critical reaction in the production of energy - can suggest
Helium-3 3 He [1] [2] see also helion is a light, stable isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron the most common isotope, helium-4 , having two protons and two neutrons in contrast. Other than protium ordinary hydrogen , helium-3 is the only stable isotope of any element with more protons than neutrons. Helium-3 was discovered in Helium-3 occurs as a primordial nuclide , escaping from Earth's crust into its atmosphere and into outer space over millions of years. Helium-3 is also thought to be a natural nucleogenic and cosmogenic nuclide , one produced when lithium is bombarded by natural neutrons, which can be released by spontaneous fission and by nuclear reactions with cosmic rays. Some of the helium-3 found in the terrestrial atmosphere is also an artifact of atmospheric and underwater nuclear weapons testing. Much speculation has been made over the possibility of helium-3 as a future energy source. Unlike most nuclear fission reactions, the fusion of helium-3 atoms releases large amounts of energy without causing the surrounding material to become radioactive. However, the temperatures required to achieve helium-3 fusion reactions are much higher than in traditional fusion reactions, [3] and the process may unavoidably create other reactions that themselves would cause the surrounding material to become radioactive. a critical reaction in the production of energy
A critical reaction in the production of energy Video
ATP: The Fuel of LifeWhen crops have high sugar levels, they produce energy-dense oil stored in the seeds. However, oil production slows when sugar levels are low.
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Whether or not to produce oil is essentially a set of biochemical reactions. High sugar levels lead to one critcial low levels lead to another. Now, scientists have discovered new details about how a sugar-signaling molecule helps regulate oil production in plant cells. This signaling molecule interferes with a biochemical chain of events that puts the brakes on oil production when sugar is low.
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Scientists identified key details and a vital intermediate protein in cfitical oil-producing cascade. A detailed understanding of the biochemical interactions that affect oil production could point to new ways to develop plants that could produce substantial amounts of oil of economic value, for instance for use as biofuels or other oil-based products.
The oils could also be used to produce other oil-based products. This study points to at least one specific plant protein the scientists can alter in an attempt to modify cells' regulatory circuitry to prioritize oil production.
This study builds on the team's previous research, which established clear links between a protein complex that senses sugar levels in plant cells specifically a subunit called KIN10 and another protein that serves as the "on switch" for oil production WRINKLED1. Using this knowledge, rraction team demonstrated that they could use combinations of genetic variants that increase sugar accumulation in plant leaves to drive up oil production. The new work provides a more detailed understanding of the link between sugar signaling and oil production, identifying precisely which molecules regulate the balance and how.
Specifically, they found that a molecule known as trehalose 6-phosphate—the levels of which rise and fall with those of sugar—binds with KIN10 and interferes with its interaction with a previously unidentified intermediate in this process known as GRIK1 to block KIN10's ability to shut off oil biosynthesis. The findings suggest that changing the amino acid sequence of KIN10 in a way that mimics the effects of its interaction criticak the sugar-signaling molecule trehalose 6-phosphate could be one way to make plants produce more oil.
John Shanklin Brookhaven National Laboratory shanklin bnl.]
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