Progressive brain disease Video
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) - On Our MindProgressive brain disease - can, too
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progressive brain disease
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Definition Progressive supranuclear palsy PSP; also known as Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome is a rare disease that gradually destroys nerve cells in the parts of the brain that control eye movements, breathing, and muscle coordination. The loss of nerve cells causes palsy, or paralysis, that slowly gets worse as the disease progresses. The palsy affects ability to move the eyes, relax the muscles, and control balance.
Progressive supranuclear palsy is a disease of middle age. Symptoms usually begin in the 60s, rarely before age 45 or progressive brain disease age Men develop PSP more often than women do. It affects three to four people per million each year.
PSP affects the brainstem, the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum. Progressive brain disease brainstem is located at the top of the spinal cord. It controls the most basic functions needed for survival-the involuntary unwilled movements such as breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate.
The brainstem has three parts: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain. The parts affected by PSP are the pons, which controls facial nerves and the muscles that turn the eye outward, and the click the following article, the progressive brain disease center. The basal ganglia are islands of nerve cells located deep within the brain. They are involved in the initiation of voluntary willed movement and control of emotion. Damage to the basal ganglia causes muscle stiffness spasticity and tremors.
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The cerebellum is located at the base of the skull. It controls balance and muscle coordination. Vision is controlled by groups of cells called nuclei in the brainstem. In PSP, the nuclei continue to function, but the mechanisms that control the nuclei are destroyed. The term supranuclear means that the damage is done above supra the nuclei.
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Patients with PSP have difficulty with voluntary willed eye movement. At first, the difficulty only occurs in trying to look down. As the disease progresses, ability to move the eyes right and left is also affected.
However, reflex or unwilled eye movements remain normal. Thus, when the patient's head is progressive brain disease upwards, the eyes move to look down. These reflex movements remain normal until late in the course of the disease. The upper eyelids may be pulled back, the eyebrows raised, and the brow wrinkled, causing a typical wide-eyed stare. Rate of blinking may decrease from the normal per minute to three to five per minute.
pro·gress·ive su·pra·nu·cle·ar pal·sy
It becomes difficult to walk downstairs, to maintain eye contact during conversation, or to move the eyes up and down to read. The earliest symptoms of PSP may be frequent falls or stiff, slow movements of the arms and legs.
These symptoms may appear as much as five years before the characteristic vision problems. Walking becomes increasingly awkward, and some patients tend to lean and fall backward. Facial muscles may be weak, causing slurred speech and difficulty swallowing. Sleep may be disturbed and thought processes slowed.
Although memory remains intact, the slowed speech and thought patterns and the rigid facial expression may be mistaken for senile dementia or Alzheimer's disease.]
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