What is the definition of a scientific theory Video
Scientific Theory vs. Scientific LawWhat is the definition of a scientific theory - for that
In the philosophy of science , a theory is falsifiable if it is contradicted by possible observations —i. For example, the statement "All swans are white" is falsifiable because "Here is a black swan" contradicts it. Falsifiability was introduced by the philosopher of science Karl Popper in his book Logik der Forschung , revised and translated into English in as The Logic of Scientific Discovery. He proposed it as the cornerstone of a solution to both the problem of induction and the problem of demarcation. Popper argued for falsifiability and opposed this to the intuitively similar concept of verifiability. Verifying the claim "All swans are white" would require assessment of all swans, which is not possible in any theory that has a reasonable empirical interpretation. In contrast, the single observation of a black swan is sufficient to falsify it. Moreover, even if a black swan was in principle impossible due to a fundamental law of biology, it would normally still remain a potential falsifier , a possible contradictory observation in the conventional empirical language. As a key notion in the separation of science from non-science and pseudo-science , falsifiability has featured prominently in many scientific controversies and applications, even being used as legal precedent. what is the definition of a scientific theoryCreativity is a phenomenon whereby something somehow new and somehow valuable is formed.
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The created item may be intangible such as an ideaa scientific theorya musical compositionor a joke or a physical object such as an inventiona printed literary workor a painting. Scholarly interest in creativity is found in a number of disciplines, primarily psychologybusiness studiesand cognitive sciencebut also educationthe humanitiestechnologyengineeringphilosophy particularly philosophy of sciencetheologysociologylinguisticsthe artseconomicsand mathematicscovering the relations between creativity and general intelligencepersonality type, mental and neural processes, https://digitales.com.au/blog/wp-content/custom/why-building-administrations-have-a-developing-business/herman-guntherberg.php healthor artificial intelligence ; the potential for fostering creativity through education and training; the fostering of creativity click national economic benefit, and the application of creative what is the definition of a scientific theory to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning.
The English word creativity comes from the Latin term creare, "to create, make": its derivational suffixes also come from Latin. The word "create" appeared in English as early as the 14th century, notably in Chaucer in The Parson's Tale [1]to indicate divine creation. However, its modern meaning as an act of human creation did not emerge until after the Enlightenment.
In a summary of scientific research into creativity, Michael Mumford suggested: "Over the course of the last decade, however, we seem to have reached a general agreement that creativity involves the production of novel, useful products" Mumford,p.
Paul Torrance described it as "a process of becoming sensitive to problems, deficiencies, gaps in knowledge, missing elements, disharmonies, and so on; identifying the difficulty; searching for solutions, making guesses, or formulating hypotheses about the deficiencies: testing and retesting these hypotheses and possibly modifying and retesting them; and finally communicating the results. Creativity in general is usually distinguished from innovation in particular, where the stress is on implementation. For example, Teresa Amabile and Pratt defines creativity as production of novel and useful ideas and innovation as implementation of creative ideas, [7] while the OECD and Eurostat state that "Innovation is more than a new idea or an invention.
An innovation requires implementation, either by being put into active use or by being made available for use by other parties, firms, individuals or organisations. There is also an emotional creativity [9] which is described as a pattern of cognitive abilities and what is the definition of a scientific theory traits related to originality and appropriateness in emotional experience. Theories of creativity particularly investigation of why some people are more creative than others have focused on a variety of aspects. The dominant factors are usually identified as "the four Ps" — process, product, person, and place according to Mel Rhodes.
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Theories invoking https://digitales.com.au/blog/wp-content/custom/why-building-administrations-have-a-developing-business/lu-owl-party.php rather than convergent thinking such as Guilfordor those describing the staging of the creative process such as Wallas are primarily theories of creative process. A focus on creative product dfinition appears in attempts to measure creativity psychometrics, see below and in creative ideas framed as successful memes. A focus on place considers the circumstances in which creativity flourishes, such as degrees of autonomy, access to resources, and the nature of gatekeepers.
Creative lifestyles are characterized by nonconforming attitudes and behaviors as well as flexibility. Most ancient cultures, including thinkers of Ancient Greece[14] Ancient Chinaand Ancient India[15] lacked the concept of creativity, seeing art as a form of discovery and not creation. The ancient Greeks had no terms corresponding to "to create" or "creator" except for the expression " poiein " "to make"which only applied to poiesis poetry and to sceintific poietes poet, or "maker" who made it.
Plato did here believe in art as a form of creation.
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Asked in The Republic[16] "Will we say, of a painter, that he makes something? It is commonly argued that the notion of "creativity" originated in Western cultures through Christianityas a matter of divine inspiration. Boorstin"the early Western conception of creativity was the Biblical story of creation given in the Genesis.
In the Judaeo-Christian tradition, creativity was the sole province of God; humans were not considered to have the ability to create something new except as an expression of God's work. However, none of these views are similar to the modern concept of creativity, and the individual was not seen as the see more of creation until the Renaissance.
The rejection of creativity in favor of discovery and the belief that individual creation was a conduit of the divine would dominate the West probably until the Renaissance and even later. This could be attributed to the leading intellectual movement of the time, aptly named humanismwhich developed an intensely human-centric outlook on the world, valuing the intellect and achievement of the individual. However, this shift was gradual and would not become immediately apparent until the Enlightenment. As a direct and independent topic of sciwntific, creativity effectively received no attention until the 19th century.
In particular, they refer to the work of Francis Galtonwho through his eugenicist outlook took a keen interest in the heritability of intelligence, with creativity taken as an aspect of genius. In his work Art of Thoughtpublished inWallas presented one of what is the definition of a scientific theory first models of the creative process. In the Wallas stage model, creative insights and illuminations may be explained by a process consisting of 5 stages:. Wallas considered creativity to be a legacy of the evolutionary process, which allowed humans to quickly adapt to rapidly changing environments. Simonton [25] provides an updated perspective on this view in his book, Origins theorry genius: Darwinian perspectives on creativity. Although psychometric studies of creativity had been conducted by The London School of Psychology as early as with the work of H.]
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