Whom can: Why did the gothic cathedrals contain stained-glass programs?
| Why did the gothic cathedrals contain stained-glass programs? | The Shroud of Turin, also known as the Holy Shroud (Italian: Sindone di Torino, Sacra Sindone [ˈsaːkra ˈsindone] or Santa Sindone), is a length of linen cloth bearing the negative image of a man. Some claim the image depicts Jesus of Nazareth and the fabric is the burial shroud in which he was wrapped after crucifixion.. First mentioned in , the shroud was denounced in by the local Present location: Cathedral of Saint John the . Christ Church (Latin: Ædes Christi, the temple or house, ædēs, of Christ, and thus sometimes known as "The House") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in digitales.com.au Church is a joint foundation of the college and the cathedral of the Oxford diocese (Christ Church Cathedral and its cathedral school), which serves as the college chapel and whose dean is ex officio the Dean: Martyn Percy. Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln Minster, or the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln and sometimes St Mary's Cathedral, in Lincoln, England, is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of digitales.com.auuction commenced in and continued in several phases throughout the High Middle digitales.com.au many of the medieval cathedrals of England it was built in the Early Gothic digitales.com.auy: England. |
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Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. The practice, which began in the prehistoric erahas been used as a way of expressing culture for civilizations on all seven continents.
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. The earliest surviving text on architectural theory is the 1st century AD treatise De architectura by the Roman architect Vitruviusaccording to whom a good building embodies firmitas, utilitasand venustas durability, utility, and beauty. Centuries later, Leon Battista Alberti developed his ideas further, seeing beauty as an objective quality of buildings to be found in their proportions. Giorgio Vasari wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Cathedrzls, and Architects and put forward the idea of style in the arts in the 16th century. In the 19th century, Louis Sullivan declared that " form follows function ". The idea of sustainable architecture was introduced in the late 20th century.
Architecture began as rural, oral vernacular architecture that developed from trial and error to successful replication.
Ancient urban architecture was preoccupied with building religious structures and buildings symbolizing the political power of rulers until Click the following article and Roman architecture shifted focus to civic virtues. Indian and Chinese architecture influenced forms all over Asia and Buddhist architecture in particular took diverse local flavors. During the European Middle Agespan-European styles of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals and abbeys emerged while the Renaissance favored Classical forms implemented by architects known by name.
Later, the roles of architects and engineers became separated. Modern architecture began after World War I as an avant-garde movement that sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes. Emphasis was put on modern techniques, materials, and simplified geometric forms, paving the way for high-rise superstructures. Many architects became disillusioned with modernism which they perceived as ahistorical and anti-aesthetic, and postmodern and contemporary architecture developed.
Over the years, the field of architectural construction has branched out to include everything from ship design to interior decorating. The philosophy gotyic architecture is a branch of philosophy cathedralw artdealing with aesthetic value of architecture, its semantics and why did the gothic cathedrals contain stained-glass programs? with development of culture. Many philosophers and theoreticians from Plato to Michel FoucaultGilles Deleuze[9] Robert Venturi and Ludwig Wittgenstein have concerned themselves with the nature of architecture and whether or not architecture is distinguished from building.
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The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. An equivalent in modern English would be:. According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Albertiwho elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De re aedificatoriasaw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure, the Golden mean. The most link aspect of beauty was, therefore, an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially, and was based on universal, recognisable truths.
The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Giorgio Vasari. This treatise exerted immense influence throughout Europe, being the first handbook that emphasized the source rather than the theoretical aspects of architecture, and it was the first to catalog the five orders. In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world.]
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