Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys - can recommend
Aldosterone belongs to a class of hormones called mineral corticoids, also produced by the adrenal glands. Aldosterone helps maintain blood pressure BP and water and salt balance in the body by helping the kidneys retain sodium and excrete potassium. When aldosterone production falls too low, the kidneys are not able to regulate water and salt balance, leading to a drop in both blood volume and BP. The aldosterone hormone is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland. The hormone acts mainly in the functional unit of the kidneys to aid in the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, water retention and to stabilize blood pressure. Overall, the hormone helps to increase the reabsorption of water and ions in the kidneys to maintain sufficient blood volume levels, stabilizing the blood pressure. Important: This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys - will not
John H. Postlethwait, Michelle S. Massaquoi, Dylan R. Biol Open 15 March ; 10 3 : bio To achieve these goals, we conducted genomic and phylogenetic analyses and investigated single cell transcriptomes. Results showed that most human RAAS genes have one or more zebrafish orthologs or co-orthologs. Results identified specific vascular cell subtypes expressing Ang II receptors, apelin , and apelin receptor genes. These results identify genes and cell types to exploit zebrafish as a disease model for understanding mechanisms of COVID aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys
This chapter seems relevant to the aims of Section H1 vi from the CICM Primary Syllabuswhich expects the exam candidate to "describe the role of the kidneys in the maintenance of fluid In the case of the homeostatic mechanisms which maintain water balance in the body, the role of the kidney can be described as wholly subservient to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule
The kidney is an effector instrument, and does what it is told by its neurohormonal masters. It only has the most rudimentary mechanisms of regulating fluid balance by itself, those being the crude levers of renal blood flow autoregulation and tubuloglomerular feedback. Weirdly, for a series of mechanisms which seem so central to human physiology, there are surprisingly few definitive articles in print.
James Schafer's retrospective is probably the easiest to read, but does not cover all the detail. Lassiter et al covers a lot of detail, and has an enviably logical structure, but is so ancient that the authors were only able to present experimental results and speculations. Water is reabsorbed passively along the length of the nephron.
Uptake of renal cortical water by peritubular capillaries
The net effect of all this solute reabsorption is a decrease in the osmolality of the tubular fluid, which becomes hypotonic in comparison to the extracellular fluid beyond the tubule. At the same time, the fluid in the basolateral intercellular space becomes hyper osomolar, as the solutes being secreted from the basolateral membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule cells end up concentrated in the interstitial fluid.
Well, they centrifuged that fluid out of some macerated rat kidneys, but it's probably close enough for a ballpark figure. This produces an osmotic gradient. Now, the proximal tubule is insanely water-permeable - much more so than the collecting duct or the thin descending limb. In fact, because of its huge surface area microvilli and abundant incfeases aquaporins and paracellular tight junctions transport options, the permeability of the proximal tubule is several orders of magnitude greater than that of the other tubules.
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Berry,gave a figure of something like 0. That means there is basically no barrier. Water is quite free to follow that here gradient out of the proximal tubule until it has equilibrated with the extracellular fluid. No matter how much solute is reabsorbed, the tubular fluid will remain isoosmolar.
It ends up being sucked up into the cortical peritibular capillaries. This water movement is driven by several factors, which are beautifully described by Aukland et al Unsurprisingly, the best way to describe them is using some sort of simplified form of the Starling equation:.]
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