Life along the silk road Video
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Sogdiana was also a province of the Achaemenid Empire , and was the 18th province listed on the Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great i. In the Avesta , Sogdiana is listed as the second best land that the supreme deity Ahura Mazda had created. The Sogdian states , although never politically united, were centred on the main city of Samarkand. During the High Middle Ages , Sogdian cities included sites stretching towards Issyk Kul such as that at the archeological site of Suyab. Sogdian , an Eastern Iranian language , is no longer a spoken language, but a descendant of one of its dialects, Yaghnobi , is still spoken by the Yaghnobis of Tajikistan. It was widely spoken in Central Asia as a lingua franca and even served as one of the First Turkic Khaganate 's court languages for writing documents. Sogdians also lived in Imperial China and rose to special prominence in the military and government of the Chinese Tang dynasty — AD. Sogdian merchants and diplomats travelled as far west as the Byzantine Empire.Stock Market
Life along the silk roador silk farmingis siilk cultivation of silkworms to produce silk. Although there are several commercial thhe of silkworms, Bombyx mori the caterpillar of the domestic silkmoth is the most widely used and intensively studied silkworm. Silk was believed to have first been produced in China as early as the Neolithic Period. According to Confucian text, the discovery of silk production dates to about BC, although archaeological records point to silk cultivation as early as the Yangshao period — BC. By ADthe practice had been established in India. Induring the Second CrusadeRoger II of Sicily — life along the silk road Corinth and Thebestwo important centres of Byzantine silk production, capturing the weavers and their equipment and establishing his own silkworks in Palermo and Calabria[7] eventually spreading the industry to Western Europe. The silkworms are fed with mulberry leaves, and after the fourth moultthey climb a twig placed near them and spin their silken cocoons.
The thee is a continuous filament comprising fibroin proteinsecreted from two salivary glands in the head of each worm, and a gum pro life defined sericinwhich cements the filaments. The sericin is removed by placing the cocoons in hot water, which frees the silk filaments and readies them for reeling. This is known as the degumming process. Single filaments are combined to form threadwhich is drawn under tension through several guides and wound onto reels.
The threads may be plied to form yarn. After drying, the raw silk is packed according to quality.
Mahatma Gandhi was critical of silk production based on the Ahimsa philosophy "not to hurt any living thing". He also xilk " Ahimsa silk ", made without boiling the pupa to procure the silk and wild silk made from the cocoons of wild and semiwild silkmoths. In the early 21st century, the organisation PETA has also campaigned against silk. Equipment for unravelling silk cocoons.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Process of silk production. See also: History of silk.
Prehistoric textiles: the development of cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with special reference to the Aegean reprint, illustrated ed. Princeton University Press.
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ISBN Retrieved 6 November Archived from the original on 8 February Retrieved 7 February June Chinese Silk: A Cultural History. Rutgers University Press. Appendix A. Archived from the original PDF on 21 July Retrieved 7 November Sense of Nature Research. Archived from the original on 29 June ]
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