The majority of immigrants to the united states in the gilded age came from what area of the world Video
Growth, Cities, and Immigration: Crash Course US History #25 the majority of immigrants to the united states in the gilded age came from what area of the worldPlease: The majority of immigrants to the united states in the gilded age came from what area of the world
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In the range of its ethnic diversity, the United States is unmatched in the contemporary world.
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It is a society whose population derives from virtually every region of the world, encompassing people of every imaginable culture, displaying equally varied physical characteristics. Ethnic diversity, however, is not a new American phenomenon. Al- though its heterogeneity has expanded in recent decades, from the outset of European settlement go here the s a continuous flow of newcomers added gildd ingredients to the American potpourri. No society before it and few since have attempted to blend such a varied and steadily changing mix of human elements. That America is a nation of immigrants is now a well-worn cliche. The historian Oscar Handlin professed that when he began to write a history of immigrant groups in the United States, he discovered that the immigrants were American history.
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Even those exceptional groups, of course, were at one time migrants to North America. But how the various groups entered American society, the ways they adapted and were responded to, and their initial placement in and subsequent movement along the ethnic hierarchy all differed enormously.
In this chapter, we trace the formation of the United States as a multiethnic soci- ety and the development of its ethnic hierarchy. As explained in Chapter 2, groups ;nay make initial contact in several ways, including conquest, annexation, and volun- rary and involuntary immigration. These cases are discussed in greater deadwood gold rush in Chapters 6 and 8. It has been through immigration, however- both voluntary and ravoluntary- that most groups entered American society and subsequently took :heir place in thhe ethnic hierarchy. We begin with a brief discussion of the dynamics of immigration and some of the themes that sociologists and demographers have put forth in explaining this human phenomenon.
Finally, we describe the contemporary ethnic hierarchy and how the changing makeup of the population is leading to new intergroup relations and trends. As far back as historians and archaeologists are able to trace, humans have been on the move. From prehistoric times forward, human migrations have been impelled by various factors: changing physical conditions, changing economic conditions, politi- cal turmoil, trade and commerce, exploration, and war. During immigrqnts past three centuries, long-distance migration has occurred on a far greater scale and has been more systematic and purposeful than in previous periods of hu- man history.
Starting in the late fifteenth century, Spain and Portugal, followed by England, France, and Holland in the early s, established global colonial em- pires, sending people from the homeland to various majoritty of Asia, Africa, North and South America, and Australasia. Settlers also arrived, but they were almost always outnumbered by indigenous peoples. At approximately the same time, an in- tercontinental migration began from Africa, though of an involuntary nature. Over the next three hundred years, around ten million Africans would be transported to North and South America and the Caribbean and another six million elsewhere through the slave trade Lovejoy, ; Manning, The nineteenth century marked the onset of international migration as we know it today.
Population transfers involving large numbers now began to occur, especially from Europe to the Americas. In the one hundred years afterthirty-three million Europeans would emigrate overseas Thistlewaite, Four countries- the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina- became the target destinations of the vast majority of these migrants. Among these four, however, the United States was by far the principal recipient society, absorbing about three-fifths of all European immigration. What stimulated this massive movement, and why did it begin in the nineteenth frmo than in previous centuries? Three interrelated factors were pivotal: population growth, industrialization, and technological advances. Societies, according o this theory, pass through several demographic stages. In the first, birthrates and.
IMMIGRATION AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE AMERICAN ETHNIC HIERARCHY
In the second stage, birthrates remain at a high level, but with advancing industrialization new technologies give rise to better hygienic conditions, which in turn lead to declining death rates. This sets in motion a spiraling population. Most European societies in the nineteenth century were experiencing this phase of the demographic transition. The European population more than doubled between andproducing great social strains. Similar majroity are occurring today in many developing societies.]
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