What is meant by the social construction of race? - consider, that
Social interpretation of physical variation[ edit ] Incongruities of racial classifications[ edit ] The biological anthropologist Jonathan Marks argued that even as the idea of "race" was becoming a powerful organizing principle in many societies, the shortcomings of the concept were apparent. In the Old World, the gradual transition in appearances from one racial group to adjacent racial groups emphasized that "one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them," as Blumenbach observed in his writings on human variation. The immigrants to the New World came largely from widely separated regions of the Old World—western and northern Europe, western Africa, and, later, eastern Asia and southern and eastern Europe. In the Americas, the immigrant populations began to mix among themselves and with the indigenous inhabitants of the continent. One study found differences between self-ascribed race and Veterans Affairs administrative data. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. what is meant by the social construction of race?
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Christopher F. Rufo is founder and director of Battlefront, a public policy research center. He is also a contributing editor of City Journal, where he covers topics including critical race theory, homelessness, addiction, and crime. The following is adapted from a lecture delivered at Hillsdale College on March 30, We need to know what it is so we can know how to fight it.
In explaining critical race theory, it helps to begin with a brief history of Marxism. Originally, the Marxist Left built its political program on the theory of class conflict. Marx believed that the primary characteristic of industrial societies was the imbalance of power between capitalists alcohol dehydration workers. The solution to that imbalance, according to Marx, was revolution: the workers would eventually gain consciousness of their plight, seize the means of production, overthrow the capitalist class, and usher in a new socialist society.
During the 20th century, a number of regimes underwent Marxist-style revolutions, and each ended in disaster. Socialist governments in the Soviet Union, China, Cambodia, Cuba, and elsewhere racked up a body count of nearly million of their own people.
They are remembered for their gulags, show trials, executions, and mass starvations.
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By the mids, Marxist intellectuals in the West had begun to acknowledge these failures. Americans in particular had never developed a sense of class consciousness or class division. Most Americans believed in the American dream—the idea that they could transcend their origins through education, hard work, and good citizenship.
But rather than abandon their Leftist political project, Marxist scholars in the West simply adapted their revolutionary theory to the social and racial unrest of the s. Fortunately, the early proponents of this revolutionary coalition in the U. Americans preferred the idea of improving their country to that of overthrowing it.
The vision of Martin Luther King, Jr. But the radical Left has proved resilient and enduring—which is where critical race theory comes in. Relegated for many years to universities and obscure academic journals, over the past decade it has increasingly become the default ideology in our public institutions.]
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