Another name for anaerobic respiration is - theme
All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles: 1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesizing cell mass: [1] autotrophic — carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide CO 2 heterotrophic — carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic — carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide 2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents hydrogen atoms or electrons used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic — reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic — reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds 3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: phototrophic — energy is obtained from light [2] chemotrophic — energy is obtained from external chemical compounds [3] In practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria , sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, iron-oxidizing bacteria , Knallgas-bacteria [4] photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e.Apologise: Another name for anaerobic respiration is
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Another name for anaerobic respiration is Video
Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation another name for anaerobic respiration isThe red atoms highlight the aldehyde group and the blue atoms highlight the asymmetric center furthest from the aldehyde; because this -OH is on the right of the Fischer projectionthis is a D sugar. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates in that they cannot be hydrolyzed to smaller carbohydrates.
They are aldehydes or ketones with two or more hydroxyl groups. Monosaccharides are important fuel molecules as well as building blocks for nucleic acids. If the carbonyl group is anme aldehydethe monosaccharide is an aldose ; if the carbonyl group is a ketonethe monosaccharide is a ketose.
Monosaccharides with three carbon atoms are called triosesthose with four are called tetrosesfive are called pentosessix are hexosesand so on. For example, glucose is an aldohexose a six-carbon aldehyderibose is an aldopentose a five-carbon aldehydeand fructose is a ketohexose a six-carbon ketone.
Each carbon atom bearing a hydroxyl group -OHwith the exception of the first and last carbons, are asymmetricmaking them stereo centers with two possible configurations each R or S. Because of this asymmetry, a number of isomers may exist link any given monosaccharide formula.
Introduction
In the case of glyceraldehydesan aldotriose, there is one pair of possible stereoisomers, which are enantiomers and epimers. The assignment of D or L is made according to the orientation of the asymmetric carbon furthest from the carbonyl group: in a standard Fischer projection if the hydroxyl group is on another name for anaerobic respiration is right the molecule is a D sugar, otherwise it is an L sugar.
The "D-" and "L-" prefixes should not be confused with "d-" or "l-", which indicate the direction that the sugar rotates plane polarized light. This usage of "d-" and "l-" is no longer followed in carbohydrate chemistry. The aldehyde or ketone group of a straight-chain monosaccharide will react reversibly with a hydroxyl group on a different carbon atom to form a hemiacetal or hemiketalforming a heterocyclic ring mesopotamian civilization an oxygen bridge between two carbon atoms.
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Rings with five and six atoms are called furanose and pyranose forms, respirahion, and exist in equilibrium another name for anaerobic respiration is the straight-chain form. The resulting possible pair of stereoisomers is called anomers. Use in living organisms[ edit ] Monosaccharides are the major fuel source for metabolismbeing used both as an energy source glucose being the most important in nature and in biosynthesis.
When monosaccharides are not immediately needed by many cells, they are often converted to more space-efficient forms, often polysaccharides. In many animals, including humans, this storage form is glycogenespecially in liver and muscle cells. In plants, starch is used for the same purpose. The most abundant carbohydrate, celluloseis a structural component of the cell wall of plants and many forms of algae. Ribose is a component of RNA. Deoxyribose is a component of DNA. Lyxose is a component of lyxoflavin found in the human heart. Galactosea component of milk sugar lactoseis found in galactolipids in plant cell anaeerobic and in glycoproteins in many tissues. Mannose occurs in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of certain another name for anaerobic respiration is. Fructoseor fruit sugar, is found in many plants and humans, it is metabolized in the liver, absorbed directly into the intestines during digestionand found in semen.
Trehalosea major sugar of insects, is rapidly hydrolyzed into two glucose molecules to support continuous flight. Disaccharides[ edit ] Sucrosealso known as table sugar, is a common disaccharide. Link is composed of nqme monosaccharides: D-glucose left and D-fructose right. Main article: Disaccharide Two joined monosaccharides are called a disaccharide and these are the simplest polysaccharides. Examples include sucrose and lactose.
They are composed of two monosaccharide units bound together by anotheer covalent bond known as a glycosidic linkage formed via a dehydration reactionresulting in the loss of a hydrogen atom from one monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group from the other. The formula of unmodified disaccharides is C12H22O Although there are numerous kinds of disaccharides, a handful of disaccharides are particularly notable.
Sucrosepictured to the right, is the most abundant disaccharide, and the main form in which carbohydrates are transported in plants.]
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