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Bentham defined as the "fundamental axiom " of his philosophy the principle that "it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong. He advocated individual and economic freedoms , the separation of church and state , freedom of expression , equal rights for women, the right to divorce, and in an unpublished essay the decriminalising of homosexual acts. Bentham's students included his secretary and collaborator James Mill , the latter's son, John Stuart Mill , the legal philosopher John Austin , American writer and activist John Neal , as well as Robert Owen , one of the founders of utopian socialism. He "had considerable influence on the reform of prisons, schools, poor laws, law courts, and Parliament itself. On his death in , Bentham left instructions for his body to be first dissected, and then to be permanently preserved as an "auto-icon" or self-image , which would be his memorial. Because of his arguments in favour of the general availability of education, he has been described as the "spiritual founder" of UCL. However, he played only a limited direct part in its foundation. Bentham was born on 15 February in Houndsditch , London , [17] to a wealthy family that supported the Tory party. david hume social contract
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The Powers to Lead. Nye Jr. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval source, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. ISBN 1. Political leadership.
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Executive ability. Interpersonal communication. N94 And, as always, for Molly, who leads with soft power. Lao Tzu, b. Still a prince should make himself feared in such a way that if he does not gain love, he at any rate avoids hatred.
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In each of ele- ven different fields, no more than 40 percent said they had a great deal conract confidence in their leaders. Polls show similar results in many countries. President George W. Bombing an enemy into submission is quite different from attracting others to follow. However, some contemporary david hume social contract that define leadership as synonymous with the soft power of attraction miss another part of reality. In prac- tice, effective leadership requires a mixture of soft and hard power skills that I call smart power. The proportions differ with contexts.
A business executive dvid more access to the hard power of hiring and firing; a university president or a democratic politician has to rely more on the soft power of attraction and persuasion. I in- troduced the concept of soft power into the discourse of inter- national politics two decades ago. Now I find others using these terms in discussions of leadership, but not always in the most appropriate way.
This book explores the relationship of hard and soft power to leadership. There are many ways cotnract define leadership. One recent count collected definitions from the s to the s, with the earlier ones stressing the ability of a leader to impress his or her will and later ones seeing more mutuality in the relationship be- tween leaders and followers. Leadership is a social relationship with three key components—leaders, followers, and the contexts in which they interact—and I will examine each. Transformation is also a difficult term to pin down.]
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