Importing political polarization? the electoral consequences of rising trade exposure - final, sorry
The Problem with Personification in Politics Written By: Incognito - Date published: am, April 19th, - 12 comments Categories: activism , Deep stuff , democratic participation , education , politicans , Politics , public services - Tags: anthropomorphism , metaphor , personification From time to time, commenters on this site make the mistake to ascribe a mind and opinion to the site. Firstly, this shows that they have not read the Policy. Secondly, it shows how their clouded thinking leads to wrong conclusions and ineffective comments. Personification happens all the time. We use metaphorical expressions in our daily language that appear to ascribe human traits to non-human objects. It helps us to relate to these and get some kind of handle on them when they are otherwise too tricky to comprehend fully. However, in genuine debate, particularly political debate, personification can lead you down the garden path. For example, an oft-made mistake is to personify institutions and organisations such as Ministries. These are complex beasts with mysterious and almost mythical inner workings that ordinary folk like us do not easily recognise and understand; they are quite unfamiliar to us despite the fact that some are apparently omnipresent, in the hour news cycle, at least. importing political polarization? the electoral consequences of rising trade exposure.
The sectoral thr of robots in the US is not available before Fig. Data on the sectoral distribution of robots for the US are not available before Due to different classifications of sector groups between the two sources, sectors were further aggregated so to have consistent classes Fig. Broadly speaking, the interest in the consequences for employment of new machines could be traced back to Ricardo See Mokyr et al. While such a size is not undisputed Arntz et al.
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Moreover, it has to be considered that robots are typically used to perform particular tasks that do not necessarily comprehend all the tasks embedded in a job Bessen et al. The analysis was taken to an even more detailed geographical level by Frank et al. A high Rotemberg weight for the automotive industry is found also by Acemoglu and Esposure In this paper the issue is tackled partly following their approach but also by applying several other techniques described in Goldsmith-Pinkham et al. These findings are generally in line with Dauth et al.
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I similarly find a better outcome at the original firm but with a positive effect at the original firm and a non-significant general effect. At the same time, there may be industry-specific complementarities between robots and labour so that changing employers in the same industry may be associated with lower employment due to time frictions before matching a new rtade in the industry but also higher wages once a job is found.
See Sect. Klenert et al.
This is also consistent with the results for blue-collar workers reported in Sect. In this respect, this result contrasts with the polarization effect found in other research on ICT technology Goos et al. In Graetz and Michaelsthe exposure to robots and the identification of its effects are connected to the concept of replaceability, according to a classification of occupation tasks and robot applications. Borjas and Freeman build robot stocks starting from flows and assuming in the baseline specification that the rate of depreciation and the rate of appreciation due to quality improvements balance each other out.
Compared with migration, the marginal effect of an additional robot per worker is found to be stronger but its aggregate impact was still modest due to the lower increase in robots. See Coppola and Mazzotta for further details. Shorter time intervals are also considered; importing political polarization? the electoral consequences of rising trade exposure Sect. Acemoglu and Restrepo provide a theoretical model microfounding this choice in a general equilibrium framework where there is trade across commuting zones and they use a slightly different specification of robot exposure that directly follows from their theoretical model.
12 comments on “The Problem with Personification in Politics ”
However, they show that their results are substantially unaffected by using a simpler specification analogous to Eq. It is fair to acknowledge that also issues of measurement error and attenuation bias may arise. This is actually a common issue to all the literature using this identification strategy and it inevitably follows from the lack of data on robots at the firm level. A similar stategy is used in several studies addressing the effects of Chinese competition, e.
A higher in absolute terms negative value means that the sector suffered more from the competition of those countries, while a higher positive value indicates a sector which benefited from the opportunity of increased markets in those countries. This base year coincides with the first year for which data on robot stocks are available.
Epxosure avoid simultaneity issues the robot stock change is again normlaized by employment in the sector inas shown in Sect. Clustering just at the sector level would suffer from the small number of IFR sectors: it would produce highly inflated standard errors and, because of non full-rank matrixes, it would prevent the computations of some statistics.]
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