the psychodynamic perspective is closely associated with.
The new ICD introduces a fully dimensional classification of personality disorders representing a fundamental change in personality disorder diagnosis with major implications for clinical practice and research.
compare and contrast three core theories of counselling
The new system centers on the evaluation of the severity of impairment in the perspextive of self and interpersonal functioning. In a detailed conceptual analysis and review of existing empirical data, points of convergence and notable differences between major exponents of the psychodynamic tradition—object relations theory as developed by Kernberg et al.
Arguably the psychodynzmic change is the move from a categorical classification of personality disorders to a fully dimensional system 2. The AMPD provides a hybrid dimensional-categorical model with an evaluation of core personality functioning and five broad areas of pathological personality traits as well as identifying six specific personality disorder types 56. However, at its core the new ICD presents the first official version of a purely dimensional personality disorder classification with major implications for clinical practice and research. One of the key issues is the new focus on personality functioning as the essence of personality disorder classification.
This definition closely resembles Criterion A of the AMPD of DSM-5, which equally posits personality functioning as the sine qua non for the diagnosis of a personality disorder in general. Personality functioning in the AMPD is specified as intrapersonal self and interpersonal other functioning, which are in turn each subdivided into 2 aspects, identity and self-direction for self-functioning, as well as empathy and intimacy for interpersonal functioning 5.
One of the central aims of the new system is to increase clinical utility with the assessment of severity of impairment informing clinical prognosis and treatment intensity, while specific pathological personality traits might help to inform the focus of treatment efforts This article focuses on a discussion of the newly introduced severity measurement of the ICD classification of personality disorder from a psychodynamic viewpoint and compares it with established psychodynamic assessment instruments and their underlying concepts.
A comprehensive analysis of closelh advantages and limitations of the complete ICD system including a discussion of the complex issue of pathological personality traits is beyond the scope of this article. The focus on self and interpersonal functioning as the central tenet of personality pathology is shared by many theoretical orientations and evidence-based treatments for personality disorders 9.
Learning Objectives
Personality functioning as defined in the ICD and DSM-5 is related to the psychoanalytic notion of personality structure or organization these terms are often used synonymously in the assodiated tradition. Arguably, the most important contemporary psychoanalytic model of personality structure was developed by Otto Kernberg et al. Kernberg's object-relation model of personality organization integrates findings from developmental psychology, attachment theory, neurobiology as well as classic psychoanalytic clinical theory ]
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