Cutaneous toxoplasmosis in humans Video
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Cutaneous toxoplasmosis in humans - against
Liver disorders due to infections are a substantial health concern in underdeveloped and industrialized countries. This includes not only hepatotropic viruses e. Recent studies of the immune mechanisms underlying liver disease show that monocytes play an essential role in determining patient outcomes. Monocytes are derived from the mononuclear phagocyte lineage in the bone marrow and are present in nearly all tissues of the body; these cells function as part of the early innate immune response that reacts to challenge by external pathogens. Due to their special ability to develop into tissue macrophages and dendritic cells and to change from an inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, monocytes play a pivotal role in infectious and non-infectious liver diseases: they can maintain inflammation and support resolution of inflammation. Therefore, tight regulation of monocyte recruitment and termination of monocyte-driven immune responses in the liver is prerequisite to appropriate healing of organ damage. In this review, we discuss monocyte-dependent immune mechanisms underlying hepatic infectious disorders. Better understanding of these immune mechanisms may lead to development of new interventions to treat acute liver disease and prevent progression to organ failure. To facilitate this, the liver contains large numbers of transient or permanently resident, highly specialized, and effective innate immune cells [ 3 ]. First and foremost are intra-sinusoidal macrophages called Kupffer cells KCs , which have a high capacity for phagocytosis and recognize self or foreign antigens, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns PAMPs or damage-associated molecular patterns DAMPs , released by necrotic cells [ 4 ].Navigation menu
Cutaneous toxoplasmosis is a rare and diagnostically challenging entity. Today, the acquired form occurs predominantly in immunocompromised patients with human immunodeficiency virus or after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We report a case of cutaneous toxoplasmosis in a 6-year-old girl after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for immune-mediated encephalopathy, first manifesting at 16 months of age.
In the post-transplant setting, she developed a rash consisting of approximately 8 scattered 3—4-mm round, erythematous macules and cutaneous toxoplasmosis in humans on her back, abdomen, and right shoulder. Sections from a biopsy of a lesion on humaans back revealed numerous spherules tightly packed within small cystic structures in the epidermis. The diagnosis of cutaneous toxoplasmosis was confirmed by an immunohistochemical stain for Toxoplasma gondii and polymerase chain reaction on the peripheral blood for the T. This case should raise awareness that acquired toxoplasmosis with cutaneous involvement can occur in the pediatric population, particularly in immunocompromised patients after stem cell transplantation.
Early diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening opportunistic infection may improve patient outcomes. Abstract Cutaneous toxoplasmosis is a rare and diagnostically challenging entity. Gov't Review.]
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