Minority groups definition - amusing
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Minorities and Marginalisation - Understanding Marginalisation - Class 8 CivicsQuick Links
For nearly three centuries, the criteria for membership in these groups were similar, comprising a person's appearance, their social circle how they livedand known nonwhite ancestry the single drop rule. History played a part, as persons with known slave ancestors were assumed to be African or, in later usage, blackregardless of whether they also had European ancestry. The differences between how Native American and Black minority groups definition are defined today blood quantum versus one-drop and political assumptions have source based on different historical circumstances.
According to the anthropologist Gerald Sider, such racial designations were a means to concentrate power, wealth, privilege and land in the hands of Whites in a society of White hegemony and privilege Sider ; see also Fields They related especially to the different social places which Blacks and Amerindians occupied in White-dominated 19th-century America. Sider suggests that the blood quantum definition of Native American identity enabled mixed-race Minority groups definition to acquire Amerindian lands during the minorjty process. The one-drop rule of Black identity, enforced legally in the see more 20th century, enabled Whites to preserve their agricultural labor force in the South.
The contrast emerged because, as peoples transported far from their land and kinship ties on another continent, they became reduced to valuable commodities as agricultural laborers. In contrast, Amerindian labor was more difficult to control; moreover, Amerindians occupied large territories that became valuable as agricultural lands, especially with the minority groups definition of new technologies grokps as railroads.
Sider thinks the blood quantum definition enhanced White acquisition of Amerindian lands in a doctrine of Manifest Destiny click at this page, which subjected Native Americans to marginalization and resulted in numerous conflicts related definituon American expansionism. The political economy of the race had different consequences for the descendants of aboriginal Americans and African slaves. The minority groups definition blood quantum rule meant that it was relatively easier for a person of mixed Euro-Amerindian ancestry to be accepted as White. The offspring of a few generations of intermarriage between Amerindians and Whites likely would not have been considered Amerindian at least not in a legal sense.
Amerindians could have treaty rights to land, but minority groups definition an individual with only one Amerindian great-grandparent no longer was classified as Amerindian, he lost a legal claim to Amerindian land, under the allotment rules of the day. According to Sider's theory, Whites were more easily able to acquire Amerindian lands. On the other hand, the same individual who could be denied legal standing in a tribe, according to the government, because he was "too White" to claim ggroups rights, might still have enough visually identifiable Amerindian ancestry to be considered socially as a " half-breed " or breed and stigmatized by both communities.
The 20th-century one-drop rule made it relatively difficult for anyone of known Black ancestry to be accepted as White. The child of an African-American sharecropper and a White person was considered Black by the local communities.
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In terms of the economics of minority groups definition, such a person also would likely become a sharecropper as well, thus adding to the landholder or employer's labor force. In short, this theory suggests that in a 20th-century economy that benefited from sharecropping, it was useful to have as many Blacks as possible. Although some scholars of the Jim Crow period agree that the 20th-century notion of invisible Blackness shifted the color line in the direction of paleness, and "expanded" the labor definitoon in response to Southern Blacks' Great Migration to the North. But, others such as the historians Joel https://digitales.com.au/blog/wp-content/custom/african-slaves-during-the-nineteenth-century/class-sherman-alexie-summary.phpC.
Vann WoodwardGeorge M. Fredricksonand Stetson Kennedy considered the one-drop rule a consequence of the need to define Whiteness as being minority groups definition and justifying Minority groups definition oppression. Over the centuries when Whites wielded power over both Blacks and Amerindians and believed in their inherent superiority over people of color, they created a social order of hypodescentin which they assigned devinition children to the lower-status groups. They were often ignorant of the systems among Native American tribes of social classification, including kinship and hypodescent. The Omaha peoplefor instance, who had a patrilineal kinship system, classified all children with white fathers as "white", and excluded them as members of the clans and tribe, unless one was formally adopted according the efficient theory, a male member.
Tribal members might care for mixed-race children of white fathers but considered them outside the hereditary clan and kinship fundamental to tribal society. It defniition made explicit by Virginia and other colonies' laws as early as Virginia incorporated the Roman principle of partus sequitur ventrem into slave law, saying that children of slave mothers were born into their status. Under English common law for subjects, children's social status was determined by the father, not the mother.]
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