perception meaning in psychology
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In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. An impairment of social communication is a core symptom of autism-spectrum disorder ASD. Affective touch is an important means of social interaction, and C-Tactile CT afferents are thought to play a key role in the peripheral detection and encoding of these stimuli. We examined the relationship between touch hedonics i. This region is less activated to affective touch in individuals with ASD, and, in typically developing individuals TDis correlated positively with touch pleasantness.
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Touch pleasantness and intensity ratings were collected, and affective touch awareness, a measure of general touch hedonics was calculated. As expected, slow touch was perceived as more pleasant and less intense than fast touch in both groups, whereas affective touch awareness was moderately higher in TD compared to ASD. Low-threshold mechanoreceptors detect information on modifications occurring on the skin and feed it to the brain through the spinal cord.
Tactile signals carried by both afferents integrate already at the dorsal horn click hereand by the time they reach the cortex, they are further integrated with information about the state of the body, the context where the caress is being delivered, and importantly, about who is giving this caress.
Multisensory integration is therefore a crucial aspect in processing information of social value and in regulating social behavior 2. Altered sensory processing in individuals with ASD is observed across perception meaning in psychology sensory modalities, including tactile, visual, and auditory 4. Thus, multisensory integration might be of central relevance in characterizing the social difficulties observed in ASD 2.
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Clinical observations of sensory processing abnormalities, including altered tactile processing, have been documented since the original description of infantile autism by Leo Kanner 5 and have since been corroborated by experiences from parents and teachers. These observations, although lacking experimental control, have contributed to the characterization of ASD. Altered tactile processing is commonly see more in ASD, but experimental studies that investigated affective touch by examining responses to selective CT-afferent stimulation are limited 678.
The CT-afferent system taps into both tactile and social domains and can potentially provide a useful tool for the understanding of the social difficulties observed in ASD. Stimulation speed, force, and temperature which perception meaning in psychology activate CT-afferents are perceived as most pleasant 9 and rewarding 10and have the qualities of a gentle caress.
This evidence suggests a link between the activity of those afferents and social communication Consistently, fMRI evidence shows that while the primary somatosensory cortex is highly activated by fast touch the right posterior superior temporal sulcus pSTS activates more to slow touch 1718 ; this activation correlates positively with pleasantness ratings following slow touch stimulation Meta-analysis of perception meaning in psychology magnetic resonance imaging fMRI findings also points to a preferential activation of posterior insula to affective compared to discriminative touch However more recent evidence suggests activity in posterior insula for affective as well as discriminative touch 19 The literature on CT-optimal touch processing in ASD is limited, and available studies vary in methodology.
In both ASD and typically developing subjects TDstimuli were perceived equally pleasant regardless of location.]
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