Political system definition Video
The Political SystemsPolitical system definition - excellent
Self-regulating market [15] The term "capitalist", meaning an owner of capital , appears earlier than the term "capitalism" and dates to the midth century. Capitale emerged in the 12th to 13th centuries to refer to funds, stock of merchandise, sum of money or money carrying interest. Benjamin Disraeli used the term in his work Sybil. Marx did not extensively use the form capitalism, but instead capitalist and capitalist mode of production, which appear more than 2, times in the trilogy Capital Das Kapital. In the English language , the term "capitalism" first appears, according to the Oxford English Dictionary OED , in , in the novel The Newcomes by novelist William Makepeace Thackeray , where the word meant "having ownership of capital". Main article: History of capitalism Cosimo de' Medici , who managed to build up the international financial empire and was one of the first Medici bankers Capitalism in its modern form can be traced to the emergence of agrarian capitalism and mercantilism in the early Renaissance , in city-states like Florence. Simple commodity exchange and consequently simple commodity production, which is the initial basis for the growth of capital from trade, have a very long history. Arabs promulgated capitalist economic policies such as free trade and banking. political system definitionThe English noun state in the generic sense "condition, circumstances" predates the political sense.
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It is introduced to Middle English c. With the revival of the Roman law in 14th-century Europe, the term came to refer to the definitiln standing of persons such as the various " estates of the realm " — noble, common, and clericaland in particular the special status of the king. The highest estates, generally those pplitical the most wealth and social rank, were those that held power. The word also had associations with Roman ideas dating back to Cicero about the "status rei publicae ", the "condition of public matters".
In time, the word lost its reference to particular social groups political system definition became associated with the legal order of the entire society and the apparatus of its enforcement. The North American colonies were called "states" as early as the s. Means-related definitions include those by Max Weber and Charles Tilly, both of whom define the state according to its violent means. For Weber, the state "is a human community that successfully claims the political system definition of the political system definition use of physical force within a given territory" Politics as a Vocationwhile Tilly characterizes them as "coercion-wielding organisations" Coercion, Capital, and European States.
Ends-related definitions emphasis instead the teleological aims and purposes of the state. Marxist political system definition regards the ends of the state as being the perpetuation of class domination in favour of the ruling class which, under the capitalist mode of production, is the bourgeoisie.
The state exists to defend the ruling class's claims to private property and its capturing of surplus profits at the expense of click proletariat. Indeed, Marx claimed that "the executive of the modern state is nothing but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie" Communist Manifesto. Liberal thought provides another possible teleology of the state. On this account, the state provides the basis for social cohesion politicak productivity, creating incentives for wealth creation by providing guarantees of protection for one's life, liberty and personal property.
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Provision of public goods is considered by some such as Adam Smith [12] as a central function of the state, since these goods would otherwise be underprovided. The most commonly used definition is Max Weber 's, [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] which describes the state as a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a certain territory.
It provides that "[t]he state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: click here a permanent population; b a defined territory; c government; and d capacity to enter into relations with the other states. According to this definition schema, the political system definition are nonphysical persons of international lawgovernments are organizations of people.
Other states are subject to external sovereignty or hegemony where ultimate sovereignty lies in another state. A federated state is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federation. Such states differ from sovereign states in that they have transferred a portion of their sovereign powers to a federal government. The concept of the nation-state, theoretically or ideally co-terminous with a "nation", became very popular by the 20th century in Europe, but occurred rarely elsewhere or at other times. In contrast, some states have sought to make a virtue of their multi-ethnic or multi-national character Habsburg Austria-Hungaryfor example, or the Soviet Unionand have emphasised unifying characteristics such as autocracymonarchical legitimacyor ideology.
Other states, often fascist or authoritarian ones, promoted political system definition notions of racial superiority. The concept of temple states centred on religious shrines occurs in some discussions of the ancient world. Modern-day independent city-states include Political system definition CityMonacoand Singapore. Other city-states survive as federated states, like the present day German city-statesor as otherwise autonomous entities with limited sovereignty, like Hong KongGibraltar and Ceuta.]
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