Positive effects of urban sprawl Video
What is URBAN SPRAWL? What does URBAN SPRAWL mean? URBAN SPRAWL meaning, definition \u0026 explanationPositive effects of urban sprawl - necessary words
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positive effects of urban sprawl
This paper examines the impact of widespread adoption of information and communication technologies ICT on urban structure worldwide. Has it offset agglomeration benefits and led to more dispersed spatial structures, or pf it strengthened urban externalities and thus resulted in more concentrated spatial structures? Theoretical and empirical studies on this question have produced contradictory findings. The present study recognizes that assumptions made earlier about the evolution of read article capabilities do positive effects of urban sprawl necessarily hold today.
As cutting-edge digital technologies have matured considerably, a fresh look at this question is called for. The paper addresses this issue by means of several data sets using instrumental variable methods.
One is the UN data on Urban Settlements with more thaninhabitants. Estimation methods with these data show that increased adoption of ICT has resulted in national urban systems that are less uniform in terms of city sizes and are characterized by higher population concentrations in larger cities, when concentration is proxied the Pareto Zipf coefficient for national city size distributions. These data allow for the impacts to be studied for cities smaller than those included in the cross-country data.
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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
All the data necessary to reproduce the paper can be found in: The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation positive effects of urban sprawl the manuscript. Geographers, planners and urban economists spent effort in exploring the spatial footprint of the internet even at its early stages. They theorized about the spatial impacts that rapid internet penetration might generate on individual cities and the national spatial structure.
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The outcome of various such efforts was rather conjectural and even fanciful and not data-based. Cases in point positve celebrations of the emergence of telecottages [ 1 ], the rise of a borderless world [ 2 ], the death of cities [ 34 ], and, more generally, the end of geography [ 5 ], the death of distance [ 6 ] and the emergence of a new flat world [ 7 ]. Today, 25 years after the commercialization of the internet [ 8 ], we know that the above narratives overstated the potential of positive effects of urban sprawl internet and other digital communication technologies to supplement face-to-face interactions, diminish the cost of distance and, indeed weaken agglomeration economies. The high and steadily increasing urbanization rates [ 9 ] falsify such predictions.
The adoption rate and the pervasiveness of new internet-based information and communication technologies, ICT for short, such as online social media and mobile-telephony hosted internet, which have increased rapidly during the last years in the developing world, too, raise questions about how exactly ICT might have affected agglomeration economies.
Conflicting technology examples can be illustrated.
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On the one hand, despite the broader agreement that no digital technology can reach the content richness of face-to-face communications, empirical research from the management field suggests that current digital technologies can effectively facilitate the sharing of knowledge with low to medium tacitness and even support knowledge sharing of a high degree of tacitness [ 10 ]. On the other hand, the very same technologies can further enhance what Storper and Venables [ 11 ] termed as buzz, as the constant publication of our personal and professional updates and whereabouts enabled by ICT can directly facilitate deliberate as well as unplanned or even unintentional face-to-face meetings [ 12 ].
Urban economics suggests that a key source of agglomeration externalities is proximity, which facilitates interaction and knowledge spillovers [ 13 ]. Hence, face-to-face interactions and the implied knowledge spillovers within cities flourish because of lower transportation and interaction costs [ 11 ]. However, ICT have the capacity to directly affect this process by further reducing transportation cost [ 14 ]. In essence, the internet and digital communications promote further learning and matching, which are at the heart essay homeless the micro-foundations of agglomeration economies identified by Duranton and Puga [ 15 ].
Web-based applications such as Massive Open Online Courses decrease the need for co-location positive effects of urban sprawl actors in order to participate in formal learning activities.]
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