Which include the male and female sex cells? - sorry
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Introduction to Sexual Reproduction - A-level Biology - OCR, AQA, EdexcelSexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs. Differences may include secondary sex characteristicssize, weight, color, markings, and may also include behavioral and cognitive differences.
These differences may be subtle or exaggerated, and may be subjected to sexual selection and natural selection. The opposite of dimorphism is monomorphism.
Common and easily identified types of invlude consist of ornamentation and coloration, though not always apparent. A difference in coloration of sexes within a given species is called sexual dichromatism, which is commonly seen in many species of birds and reptiles. The increased fitness resulting from ornamentation offsets its cost to produce or maintain suggesting complex evolutionary implications, but the costs and evolutionary implications vary from species to species.
Exam (elaborations)
The peafowl constitute conspicuous illustrations of the principle. The ornate plumage of peacocks, as used in the courting display, attracts peahens. At first sight one might mistake peacocks and peahens for completely different species because of the vibrant colours and source sheer size of the male's plumage; the peahen being of a subdued brown coloration. Another example of sexual dichromatism is that of the nestling blue tits.
Males are chromatically more yellow than females.
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It is believed that this is obtained by the ingestion of green Lepidopteran larvae, which contain large amounts of the carotenoids lutein anf zeaxanthin. This plumage is thought to be an indicator of male parental abilities. There is a positive correlation between article source chromas of the tail and breast feathers and body condition.
Frogs constitute another conspicuous illustration of the principle. There are two types of dichromatism for frog species: ontogenetic and dynamic. Ontogenetic frogs are more common and have permanent color changes in males or females. Ranoidea lesueuri is an example of a dynamic frog that has temporary color changes in males during breeding season.]
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