5 themes of geography place
With over 59 million peopleit is the world's 23rd-most populous nation and covers an area of 1, square kilometressquare miles. South Africa has three capital cities: executive Pretoriajudicial Bloemfontein and legislative Cape Town. The largest city is Johannesburg.
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It is bounded to the south by 2, kilometres 1, mi of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; [14] [15] [13] to the north by the neighbouring countries of NamibiaBotswanaand Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini former Swaziland ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with a diversity of unique biomes and plant and animal life. South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultureslanguagesand religions. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages, the fourth-highest number in the world. However, the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until During the 20th century, the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority, which played a large role in the 5 themes of geography place recent history and politics.
The National Learn more here imposed apartheid ininstitutionalising previous racial segregation.
After a long and sometimes violent struggle by the African National Congress ANC and other anti-apartheid activists both inside and outside the country, poace repeal of discriminatory laws began in the mids. Sinceall ethnic and linguistic groups have held political representation in the country's liberal democracywhich ppace a parliamentary republic and nine provinces. South Africa is often referred to as the " rainbow nation " to describe the country's multicultural diversity, especially in the wake of apartheid.
South Africa is a developing country and ranks at th on the Human Development Indexthe seventh-highest in Africa. It has been classified by the World Bank as a newly industrialised countrywith the second-largest economy in Africa, and 5 themes of geography place 33rd-largest in the world. The country is a middle power see more international affairs; it maintains significant regional influence and is a member of both the Commonwealth of Nations and G The name "South Africa" is derived from the country's geographic location at the southern tip of Africa.
Upon formation, the country was named the Union of South Africa in English and Unie van Zuid-Afrika in Dutchreflecting its origin from the unification of four formerly separate British colonies. Sincethe country has had an official name in each of its 11 official languages.
Mzansiderived from the Xhosa noun uMzantsi meaning gegraphy, is a colloquial name for South Africa, [25] [26] while some Pan-Africanist political parties prefer the term " Azania ". South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological and human-fossil sites in the world. The sites include Sterkfonteinone pollutionair the richest sites for hominin fossils in the world.
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Raymond Dart identified the first hominin fossil discovered in Africa, the Taung Child found near Taung in These finds suggest that various hominid species existed in South Africa from about three million years ago, starting with Australopithecus africanus. Themess humans have inhabited Southern Africa for at leastyears. Various researchers have located pebble tools within the Vaal River valley.
Settlements of Bantu-speaking peopleswho were iron-using agriculturists and herdsmenwere already present south of the Limpopo River now the northern border with Botswana and Zimbabwe by the 4th or 5th century CE see Bantu expansion. They displaced, conquered, and absorbed the original Khoisan speakers, the Khoikhoi and San hhemes. The Bantu slowly moved south. The earliest ironworks in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal Province are believed to date from around The southernmost group was the Xhosa peoplewhose language incorporates certain linguistic traits from the earlier Khoisan people.]
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