constructivist epistemology.
Constructivism is a theory constructivist epistemology education that recognizes learners construct new understandings and knowledge, integrating with what they already know. This includes knowledge gained prior to entering school. Constructivism in education has roots in epistemologywhich - in philosophy - is a theory of knowledge, which is concerned with the logical categories of knowledge and its justificational basis.
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In constructivism, hence, it is recognized that the learner has prior knowledge and experiences, which are often determined by their social and cultural environment. While the Behaviorist school of learning may help understand what students are doing, educators also need to know what students are thinking, and how to enrich what students are thinking.
Constructivism constructivist epistemology be traced back to educational psychology in the work of Jean Piaget — identified with Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Piaget focused on how humans make meaning in relation to the interaction between their experiences and their ideas. His constructivist epistemology tended to focus on human development in relation to what is occurring with an individual as distinct from development influenced by other persons.
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Expanding upon Vygotsky's theory Jerome Bruner and other educational psychologists developed the important concept of instructional scaffoldingwhereby the social or informational environment offers supports or scaffolds for learning that are gradually withdrawn as they become internalized. Views more focused on human development in the context of the social world include the sociocultural or socio-historical perspective of Lev Vygotsky and the situated cognition perspectives of Mikhail BakhtinJean Lave and Etienne Wenger ; [8] Brown, Collins and Duguid; [9] Newman, Griffin and Cole, [10] and Barbara Rogoff. constructivist epistemology
The concept of constructivism has influenced a number of disciplines, including psychologysociologyeducation and the consrructivist of science. Piaget called these systems of knowledge "schemes. Schemes are not to be confused carnalart.com schemaa term that comes from schema constructivist epistemologywhich is from information-processing perspectives on human cognition.
Whereas Piaget's schemes are content-free, schemata the plural of schema are concepts ; for example, most humans have a schema for " grandmother ", " egg ", or " magnet. Constructivism does not refer to a specific pedagogy constructivist epistemology, although it is often confused with constructionisman educational theory developed by Seymour Papertinspired by constructivist and experiential learning ideas of Constructivisg.
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Piaget's theory of constructivist learning has had wide-ranging impact on learning theories constructivist epistemology teaching methods in education, and is an underlying theme of education reform movements. Earlier educational philosophies did not place much value on what would become constructivist ideas; children's play and exploration were seen as aimless and of little importance. Today, constructivist theories are influential throughout the formal and informal learning cpnstructivist
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