Dark matter research paper Video
Public Lecture - How to Bend a Stream of Dark Matter and Make it ShineDark matter research paper - are
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The Waco Siege
Alternatively, plenty of other DE models have also been proposed [3] [4] [5] [6], also see some reviews, such as [7] [8]but almost all of them solves the acceleration problem dark matter research paper by introducing new degree of freedom or by modifying gravity, which challenges both cosmology and nuclear physics. However, do we really mather the DE? Or do we need so much DE? Besides, our latest studies also provide different understandings of the long-range statistical mechanics as simply shown in the following: if we apply the Boltzmann entropy. In section 3, we will use the data of supernova to shorten the range of the values read article the parameters in our model. Some discussions and conclusions will be made in the final section.
According to the cosmological principle, the universe is homogeneous and isotropic. The homogeneity and isotropy of the universe requires the energy-momentum tensor of the matter to be written as. The energy-momentum conservation law is. After the inflation, the universe is assumed to be a gas whose pressure is [15]. However, the classical statistical mechanics does not consider the effects of gravity; besides, the wall of the container does not exist in the universe, and in fact we can treat the wall to be a potential well with minus infinity at the boundary for the particles, while the gas in the universe is in the gravitational potential well which is different from the wall.
If we treat the universe as a thermodynamical system whose particles interact dark matter research paper gravity, will these two ways mentioned above still be available under the cosmic background where the effect of general relativity cannot be neglected? We think that the answer is yes for the radiation, because the effect of gravity can be neglected compared with the electromagnetic force; but for the matter whose main component is the dark matter for which the gravity plays the most important role, the answer may be not sure. In [13] by the method of statistical mechanics we have obtained an EoS which is used to describe the thermodynamical equilibrium state of a virialized Dark matter research paper self-gravitating system:.
The Effects Of Dark Matter On A Galaxy 's Matter
Next we will compare Equation 6 with the van der waals to further explain the possible reasonability of Equation 6. The van der waals equation is:. If this speculation is correct, can general relativity cause similar effect on the EoS of the matter? So we assume that at the cosmological scale the EoS of the matter may be written as.
These works are similar but different from this paper. Our model only modifies the pressure of matter, so the cosmic history before the matter-dominated era is almost not effected and we only consider the later time. But it is evident that the pressure in Equation 10 can be negative if.
The Effect Of Temperature On Dissolved Oxygen
This really is a surprising thing but may be natural in our model. The next question is how the universe will evolve in the future, which requires some detailed calculations.
Next we will analyze the data of SNIa. First we need to calculate the Hubble parameter.
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To check our proposals made in Sec. II and to constrain the model parameters, we take use of the Union2 dataset [21] and the Hubble evolution data. The analysis is performed by using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain in the multidimensional parameter space to derive the likelihood. We resezrch investigate the constraint on the model parameters, and the best-fit values and errors of parameters are summary in Table 1.]
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