In evolutionary biologyabiogenesisor informally the origin of life OoL[3] [4] [5] [a] is the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. There are several principles vieeo hypotheses for how abiogenesis could have occurred. The study of abiogenesis aims to determine how pre-life chemical reactions gave rise to life under conditions strikingly different from those on Earth today.
A 'hostile region'
Life functions through the specialized chemistry of carbon and water and builds largely upon four key families of chemicals: lipids cell membranescarbohydrates sugars, celluloseamino acids protein metabolismand nucleic acids DNA and RNA. Any successful formation of earth video of abiogenesis must explain the origins and interactions of these classes formatlon molecules. Researchers generally think that current life formaation from an RNA world[17] although other self-replicating molecules may have preceded RNA. The classic Miller—Urey continue reading and similar research demonstrated that most amino acids, the chemical constituents of the proteins used in all living organisms, can be synthesized from inorganic compounds under conditions intended to replicate formation of earth video of the early Earth.
Scientists have proposed various external sources of energy that may have triggered these reactions, including lightning and radiation. Other approaches "metabolism-first" hypotheses focus on understanding how catalysis in chemical systems on the early Earth might have provided the precursor molecules necessary for self-replication. The alternative panspermia hypothesis [21] speculates that microscopic life arose outside Earth by unknown mechanisms, and spread to the early Earth on space dust [22] and meteoroids.
Earth remains the only place in the universe known to harbour life, [28] [29] and fossil evidence from the Earth informs most studies of abiogenesis. The age of the Earth is 4. In scientists found possible evidence of early life on land in 3.
As of [update]microfossils fossilised microorganisms within hydrothermal-vent precipitates dated 3. The NASA strategy on abiogenesis states that it is necessary to identify interactions, intermediary structures and functions, energy sources, and environmental factors that contributed to the diversity, selection, and replication of evolvable macromolecular systems.
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The advent of polymers that could replicate, store genetic information, and exhibit properties subject to selection likely was a critical step in the emergence of prebiotic chemical evolution. As many as definitions of life have been compiled.
The definition of life is somewhat disagreed upon; different biology textbooks define life differently.]
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