Reproductive organs of male and female Video
Histology of female reproductive system part 1Opinion you: Reproductive organs of male and female
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reproductive organs of male and female
Human reproductive systemorgan system by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring. Provided all organs are present, normally constructed, and functioning properly, the essential features of human reproduction are 1 liberation of an ovumor eggat a specific time in the reproductive cycle, 2 internal fertilization of the ovum by spermatozoa, or sperm cells, 3 transport of the fertilized ovum to the uterusor womb, 4 implantation of the blastocyst, the early embryo developed from the fertilized ovum, in the wall of the uterus, 5 formation of a placenta and maintenance of the unborn child during the entire period of gestation6 birth of the child and expulsion of the placenta, and 7 suckling and care of the reproductive organs of male and female, learn more here an eventual return of the maternal organs to virtually their original state.
For this biological process to be carried out, certain organs and structures are required in both the male and the female. The source of the ova the female germ cells is the female ovary ; that of spermatozoa the male germ cells is the testis. In females, the two ovaries are situated in the pelvic cavity; in males, the two testes are enveloped in a sac of skin, the scrotumlying below and outside the abdomen.
Besides producing the germ cells, or gametesthe ovaries and testes are the source of hormones that cause full development of secondary sexual characteristics and also the proper functioning of the reproductive tracts. These tracts comprise the fallopian tubesthe uterusthe vaginaand associated structures reproductive organs of male and female females and the penisthe sperm channels epididymis, ductus deferensand ejaculatory ductsand other related structures and glands in males. The function of the fallopian tube is to convey an ovum, which is fertilized in the tube, to the uterus, where gestation development before birth takes place. The function of the male ducts is to convey spermatozoa from the testis, to store them, and, when ejaculation occurs, to eject them with secretions from the male glands through the penis. At copulation, or sexual intercoursethe erect penis is inserted into the vaginaand spermatozoa contained in the seminal fluid semen are ejaculated into the female genital tract.
Spermatozoa then pass from the vagina through the uterus to the fallopian tube to fertilize the ovum in the outer part of the tube. Females exhibit a periodicity in the activity of their ovaries and uterus, which starts at puberty and ends at the menopause. The periodicity is manifested by menstruation at intervals of about 28 days; important changes occur in the ovaries and uterus during each reproductive, or menstrual, cycle. Periodicity, and subsequently menstruation, is suppressed during pregnancy and lactation.
Development of the reproductive organs
This articles describes the organs, both male and female, that are involved in human reproduction. The reproductive process itself is covered in other articles. For a description of the stages of labour and delivery, see parturition. For the development of the unborn child during gestation, repproductive human embryology. For coverage click the many diseases and disorders that can affect the reproductive organs, see reproductive system disease.
The sex of a child is determined at the time of fertilization of the ovum by orgabs spermatozoon. The differences between a male and a female are genetically determined by the chromosomes that each possesses in the nuclei of the cells. Once the genetic sex has been determined, there normally follows a succession of changes that will result, finally, in the development of an adult male or female. There is, however, no external indication of the sex of an embryo during the first eight weeks of its life within the uterus.
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This is a neutral or indifferent stage during which the sex of an embryo can be ascertained only by examination of the chromosomes in its cells. The next phase, one reproductive organs of male and female differentiation, begins first in gonads that are to become testes and a week or so later in those destined to be ovaries. Embryos of the two sexes are initially alike in possessing similar duct systems linking the undifferentiated gonads with the exterior and in having similar external genitalia, represented by three simple protuberances. The embryos each have four ducts, the subsequent fate of which is of great significance in the eventual anatomical differences between men and women. Two ducts closely related to the developing urinary system are called mesonephric, continue reading wolffian, ducts.
In males each mesonephric duct becomes differentiated into four related structures: a duct of the epididymisa ductus deferens, an ejaculatory ductand a seminal vesicle. In females the mesonephric ducts are largely suppressed. Differentiation also occurs in the primitive external genitalia, reprductive in males become click penis and scrotum and in females the vulva the clitorislabia, and vestibule of the vagina. At birth the organs appropriate to each sex have developed and are in their adult positions but are not functioning.
Various abnormalities can occur during development of sex organs in embryos, leading to hermaphroditismpseudohermaphroditismand other chromosomally induced conditions.]
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