Social cognitive theory modeling Video
Albert Bandura Social Cognitive Theory and Vicarious Learning social cognitive theory modeling
Grounded in achievement goal social cognitive theory modeling and self-determination theory, the aim of this study was to analyze the motivational determinants of precompetitive anxiety in the sports context, considering the horizontal motivational sequence: adaptive social factors task-involving climate, autonomy support stylecompetence need, types of motivation autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, amotivationand consequences precompetitive anxiety and self-confidence.
This study was also conducted in order to analyze the mediating role of the need for competition and motivational regulations on social factors and consequences. The sample consisted of athletes of both outbid period engaged in elite sport, who answered a series of questionnaires to measure study variables to develop an analysis of the structural equation model.
Cognitive Diversity Hypothesis
The results showed that both the task-involving climate and autonomy support were associated with competence need, and competence need was associated with autonomous motivation in a positive way and with controlled motivation and amotivation in a negative way. On the other hand, autonomous motivation was positively associated with self-confidence, while amotivation was positively related to somatic and cognitive anxiety before a competition.
Furthermore, there was a total mediation of competence need and autonomous motivation between task climate and self-confidence. In conclusion, these social factors favor self-confidence, and besides, these climates disfavor anxiety before a sport competition. The achievement goal theory AGT; Nicholls,and the self-determination theory SDT; Deci and Ryan, ; Oscial and Deci, have been useful to explain psychological processes that mediate between social context and the motivational, affective, and behavioral processes of athletes.
Similarity-Attraction Paradigm
The SDT takes into consideration some aspects of the AGT, according to some characteristics of the social context created by significant others that influence people's motivation Vallerand and Losier, The AGT conceives the motivational climate as an environment constituted by implicit and explicit signals from significant others, which represent patterns of success Ames, Two types are sociial task-involving climate, where people perceive that they are rewarded for personal improvement and learning; and ego involving climate, in which people perceive social cognitive theory modeling only the best performers are valued Ames, The first has more positive consequences than the second Ames, In general, the perceptions of a task-involving climate are associated with more adaptive cognitive and affective patterns.
For its part, the AGT describes the perceiving supportive interpersonal behaviors and thwarting interpersonal behaviors Ryan and Deci,for example autonomy support i. When perceiving supportive interpersonal behaviors, people perform more self-determined actions, compared with thwarting interpersonal behaviors Rocchi et al. The SDT postulates that the cognitige context is related to people motivation via the psychological needs satisfaction Social cognitive theory modeling et al.
Associated Content
In this respect, the SDT assumes that people are born with three basic psychological needs: competence, which social cognitive theory modeling the desire to be effective in interacting with the environment and expressing one's capabilities Deci, ; autonomy, which refers to feelings that one is the origin and source of one's own action; and relatedness, which are the feelings of being related to social cognitive theory modeling. Regarding motivation, SDT behavior is directed by motivation regulations that vary in the levels of self-determination. These motivation regulations are on a continuum ranging from those that are more autonomous to more controlled Deci and Ryan, ; Ryan and Deci, When individuals feel that their behavior is externally regulated by outside forces, such as other people or rewards and punishments, they experience controlled motivation, a desire to act based on a sense of pressure and obligation Ryan and Deci, Thus, external regulation can be more controlled, when it is supported by external control extrinsic regulation and internal contingencies introjected regulationwhile it becomes more autonomous when it is directed by an instrumental value identified regulation or by personal values integrated regulation.
SDT also recognizes that amotivation is characterized by low or lack of motivation Ryan, Ryan and Deci suggested that if the social context promotes the psychological needs satisfaction, then the western monotheism of motivation will be as self-determined as possible.
It has been shown that autonomy support favors the most self-determined motivation, because it contributes to the psychological needs satisfaction e. In addition, Pope and Wilson showed that autonomy support was positively related to competence and autonomy, and the need for competence did so positively, both with controlled regulations i.
Similar results were obtained by Isoard-Gautheur et al.]
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