autism is not caused by immunizations is an example of a paper thesis.
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Autism spectrum disorder ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition of the central nervous system CNS that presents with severe communication problems, impairment of social interactions, and stereotypic behaviours. Emerging studies indicate possible associations between viral infections and neurodegenerative and neurobehavioural conditions including autism.
Viral infection during critical periods of early in utero neurodevelopment may lead to increased risk of autism in the offspring. This review is aimed at highlighting the association between viral infections, including viruses similar to COVID, and the aetiology of autism. Based on the search terms, a total of articles were obtained and studies on infants or children with congenital or perinatal viral infection and autistic behaviour were evaluated. The possible mechanisms by which viral infections could lead to autism include direct teratogenic effects and indirect effects of inflammation or maternal immune activation on the developing brain.
Brain imaging studies have shown that the ensuing immune response from these viral infections could lead to disruption of the development of brain regions and structures. Hence, long-term follow up is necessary for infants whose mothers report an inflammatory event due to viral infection at any time during pregnancy to monitor for signs of autism.
Research into the role of viral infection in the development of ASD may be one avenue of improving ASD outcomes in the future. Early screening and diagnosis to detect, and maybe even prevent ASD are essential to reduce the burden of this condition.
Essay on Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Does the Diagnosis Mean?
Autism spectrum disorder ASD is a neurodevelopmental disability characterised by social and communication thedis and by restricted interest, repetitive and stereotyped behaviours [ 1 ]. The degree of developmental disabilities among individuals with ASD is variable, but the impacts on affected individuals source their families are life-changing [ 2 ].
The earlier studies of autism prevalence published in the s and s reported approximately 4 to 5 cases per 10, children [ 3 ]. Since the s, a substantial increase in the estimated prevalence of autism in the United State US have been reported. ASD is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders that affect children today. The number of children with autism are projected to exceed the number of children with cancer, juvenile diabetes, and paediatric acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS combined [ 4 ].
Biological And Environmental Factors Associated With Autism
Among all mental disorders that commence in childhood, ASD was the leading cause of disability in children under five years of age. Inapproximately 52 million cases of ASD were reported around the world with the prevalence of 7. The increase of ASD prevalence has been attributed to increase in public awareness, changing diagnostic standards, earlier diagnosis of autism, and development of treatment target. Frustratingly little is understood about the causal mechanism underlying this complex disorder, but it is known that ASD is strongly influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
It is also increasingly clear that ASD is a heterogenous disorder.]
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