Bowlby ethological theory - necessary
In chapter 1 there are several key theorists discussed for their contribution to understanding human behavior in a developmental context. No one theory can account for the diversity of development. Choose minimum 2 two different approaches, briefly summarize the key ideas from each theory, and explain why and how these theoretical views compliment and contrast each other. Do not simply rehash the theory itself — you may need to look in other chapters as well for more information regarding each theoretical approach to development. Include your thoughts as to which theoretical approaches seem to make the most sense to you when thinking about development from birth to death and how they contribute to developmental processes that you have learned about in Chapter 1. bowlby ethological theoryTable 3.3 Strange Situation
As discussed in Chapter 1, Erik Erikson formulated a theory of psychosocial development that posited that development is organized around eight age-graded developmental tasks. At each age, infants, children, adolescents, and adults, negotiate bowlby ethological theory developmental tasks that are specific to that period of development. When the target task is negotiated successfully, it creates a foundation for future healthy development and provides a basis for the successful negotiation of future developmental tasks.
tehological When a task is not well resolved, this makes continued healthy development more difficult. The developmental task of infancy is trust vs. Infants are bowlby ethological theory and must rely on others to meet their basic physical and psychological needs.
A caregiver who consistently meets these needs instills a sense of trust or the belief that the world is a trustworthy place. Caregiver responsiveness communicates to infants that their needs will be taken care of, and so is essential in supporting the development of a sense of trust. Problems establishing trust : Erikson believed that basic mistrust could interfere with many aspects of psychosocial development and make it more difficult to build love and fellowship with others. Consider the implications for establishing trust if a caregiver is unavailable or is upset and ill-prepared to care for a child.
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Or if a child is born prematurely, is unwanted, or has physical problems that make him or her less attractive to a parent. Under these circumstances, we cannot assume that the parent is going to care for the child in ways that support the development of trust.
As you will read later, it is possible to rework mental models of insecure early relationships, but close and caring relationships with primary caregivers make it much easier for infants to tbeory this first developmental task. Source are equipped with a number of reflexes which are involuntary movements in response to stimulation see Table 3.
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Some of the more common reflexes, such as the sucking reflex and rooting reflex, are important to feeding. The grasping and stepping reflexes are eventually replaced by more voluntary behaviors.
Within the first few months of life these reflexes disappear, while other reflexes, such as the eye-blink, swallowing, sneezing, gagging, and withdrawal reflex stay with us as they continue to serve important functions.]
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