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Thomas hobbes view on social contract Video
Hobbes' Social Contract TheoryThomas Hobbes and John Locke are two of the most influential political philosophers of the modern age. Their ideas on political philosophy, among other ideas, have helped shaped the Western World, as we know it.
The Social Contract : Hobbes Vs. Rousseau
One of the most important theories that the two have both discussed, and written in detail on, is the idea of the social contract. Thomas Hobbes was the first person to come up with the idea of a social contract in his text, Leviathan.
One of those men is John Locke, who presents a very different account of how it is civil society is formed. Although both men have very different accounts on the social contract notion, there are some similarities between the two. Before putting vieww to paper Hobbes had a front row seat to a quintessential moment in early English history—the English Civil War. The war was a dispute between King Charles I and his followers, the Monarchists and the Parliamentarians. Hobbes is somewhere in between the two groups with his own set of views.
Hobbes believed that political authority is based on the self-interest of the members of the society, all of who are considered equal. He argued that no single individual had the power to rule over the rest. He also backed the conservative point of view that the sovereign must have absolute authority in thomas hobbes view on social contract for society to last without disruption. It is in the rejection of the Monarchist point of view, that Hobbes and Locke find their first similarity. Filmer believed that God gave absolute authority to the king. Since God gives the power to the king, political society focused on obeying God unconditionally.
Although Hobbes did agree that it was necessary for a click here to have absolute authority in order to keep the people in line, he believed that authority came from the people living in the community and not God. Locke is in line with Hobbes in his belief that political authority comes from the consent of the governed.
Along with this similarity, both men also agree on the idea that those people in a State of Nature will willingly consent to coming together to form a political society. They also agree on the belief that people would live in fear of each other regardless of their ability to use reason.
Human nature allows men to be selfish. All people have the natural right to defend their own life, liberty, health and property. This fear is what leads many people to come together and form a state so that there would be a central authority to protect their life, liberty, health and property of all people within society. Along with creating the outline for the social contract theory, Hobbes was also a major contribution to the idea of the State of Nature, a hypothetical situation used to show how people lived before the establishment of society. Hobbes believed that man was fundamentally evil and required a central authority to keep them out of the conditions of the state of nature.
Locke, on the other hand, saw individuals as exercising moral limits over their actions.
Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli Essay
In order to answer the question of why the people should be willing to submit to political authority, Hobbes uses the idea of a State of Nature. This is a completely hypothetical situation through which he imagines what life was like for men before the establishment of civil society. In the State of Nature, men are naturally and entirely self interested, yhomas are limited and there is no power that forces the people to follow the rules of society. Men are also considered equal to one another in that even the strongest man can be killed in his sleep.
There om no ability for men to ensure the satisfaction of their needs and desires as humans, and no prolonged systems of cooperation among men. Based on the previous definition of the State of Nature, it would seem that mankind is doomed for eternity. However, hope is not lost.
Using the power of reason, they are able to understand the laws of nature, which lead man out of the state of nature and into civil society. A Law of Nature, Tomas Naturalisis a Precept, or generall rule, found out by reason, by which a man is forbidden to do, that, which is destructive of his life, or taketh away the means of preserving the same; and to omit that, by which he thinketh it may be best preserved.
In the pages leading up to the natural laws, Hobbes describes what it is that drives us to seek peace. These are the things that lead people out of the state of nature and into forming a political society.]
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