understanding religion in a global society
Sufi orders tariqa trace most of their original precepts from Muhammad through Ali ibn Abi Talibwith the notable exception of the Naqshbandi order, who trace their original precepts to Muhammad through Abu Bakr. Although the overwhelming religiom of Sufis, both pre-modern and modern, were and are adherents of Sunni Islamthere also developed certain strands of Sufi practice within the ambit of Shia Islam during the understanding religion in a global society medieval period, particularly after the Safavid conversion of Iran from majority Sunni to Shia.
Although Sufis were opposed to dry legalism, they strictly observed Islamic law and belonged to various schools of Islamic jurisprudence and theology.
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Sufis have been characterized by their asceticismespecially by their attachment to dhikrthe practice of remembrance of God, often performed after prayers. Despite a relative decline of Sufi orders in the modern era and criticism of some aspects of Sufism by modernist thinkers and conservative SalafistsSufism has understanding religion in a global society to play an important role in the Islamic world, and has also influenced various forms of spirituality in the West. The Arabic word tasawwuf lit. Many other terms that described particular spiritual qualities and roles were used instead in more practical contexts. Some modern scholars have used other definitions of Sufism such as "intensification of Islamic faith and practice" [24] and "process of realizing ethical and spiritual ideals".
The term Sufism was originally introduced into European languages in the 18th century by Orientalist scholars, who viewed it mainly as an intellectual doctrine and literary tradition at variance with what they saw as sterile monotheism of Islam. In modern scholarly usage the term serves to describe a wide range of social, cultural, political and religious phenomena associated with Sufis.
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These two explanations were combined by the Sufi al-Rudhabari d. These men and women who sat at al-Masjid an-Nabawi are considered by some to be the first Sufis. Sufism existed as an individual inner practice of Muslims since early Islamic history.
Ernst the earliest re,igion of Sufism are Muhammad himself and his companions Sahabah. By pledging allegiance to Muhammad, the Sahabah had committed themselves to the service of God. It is through Muhammad that Sufis aim to learn about, understand and connect with God. Such a concept may be understood by the hadithwhich Sufis regard to be authentic, in which Muhammad said, "I am the city of knowledge, and Ali is its gate. Historian Jonathan A. Brown notes source during the lifetime of Muhammad, some companions were more inclined than others to "intensive devotion, pious abstemiousness and pondering the divine mysteries" more than Islam required, such as Abu Dharr al-Ghifari.
Hasan al-Basria tabi ', is considered a "founding figure" in the "science of purifying the heart".]
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