why was the battle of saratoga a turning point in the american revolution
The American Revolutionary War —also known as the Revolutionary War and the American War of Independence, was initiated by delegates from thirteen American colonies of British America in Congress against Great Britain over their objection to Parliament's taxation policies and lack of colonial representation. The cost of victory in the to French and Indian War and the to Seven Years' War left the British government deeply in debt; the colonies where the war was fought equipped and populated the British forces there, at the cost of millions of their own funds. When Parliament wss the Intolerable Acts upon Massachusettstwelve colonies sent delegates to the First Continental Congress to draft a Petition to the King and organize a boycott of British goods.
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Fighting broke out on 19 April the British garrison at Boston was harassed by Massachusetts militia at Lexington and Concord after destroying colonial Assembly powder stores. In response, they invaded British Quebec but were repulsed.
In JulyCongress unanimously passed the Declaration of Independence. Hopes of a quick settlement were supported by American sympathizers within Parliament who opposed Lord North 's "coercion policy" in the colonies.
Washington retreated to Valley Forge during the winter of — where Prussian allied General von Steuben drilled the largely untrained Continental Army into an organized fighting unit. French Foreign Minister Vergennes saw the https://digitales.com.au/blog/wp-content/custom/japan-s-impact-on-japan/harrison-bergeron-theme-analysis.php as a way to create an America economically and militarily dependent on France, not Britain.
Although talks on a formal alliance began in latethey proceeded slowly until the Patriot victory at Saratoga in October Fears Congress might come to an early settlement with Britain resulted in France and the United States signing two treaties in February The first was a commercial treatythe second a Treaty of Alliance ; in return for a French guarantee of American independence, Congress agreed to join the war against Britain and defend the French West Indies. Although Spain refused to join the Franco-American alliance, in the Treaty of Aranjuez they agreed to support France in its global war with Britainhoping to regain losses incurred in After capturing Savannahdefeats at the Battle of Kings Mountain and the Battle of Cowpens forced Cornwallis to retreat to Yorktownwhere his army was besieged by an allied French and American force.
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An attempt to resupply the garrison was repulsed by the French navy at the Battle of the Chesapeakeand Cornwallis surrendered in October Although their war with France and Spain continued for another two years, Yorktown ended the British will to continue the war in North America. Preliminary articles were signed in Novemberand in April Congress accepted British terms; these included independence, evacuation of British troops, cession of territory up to the Mississippi River and navigation to the sea, as well as fishing rights in Newfoundland. More American territory changed hands in than any settlement before or after, destabilising existing alliances and trade networks, and leading to conflict between settlers and American Indians.
The Proclamation Line of was intended to refocus colonial expansion north into Nova Scotia or south into Florida while separating American Indians and colonials by restricting settlement in the west. Both sides agreed with the principle but disagreed on where to set the border; keeping the peace required garrisons of regular troops along the frontier, and led to disputes with the colonial legislatures over who should bear the expense. Although directly administered by the Crown, acting through a local Governor, the colonies were largely governed by native-born property owners. While external affairs were amegican by Londoncolonial militia were funded locally but with the ending of the French threat inthe legislatures revoolution less turnijg, not more.
At the same time, the huge costs of the Seven Years' War meant Parliament expected the colonies to fund their own defense.
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The to Grenville ministry began by instructing the Royal Navy to clamp down on smuggled goods and enforce customs duties levied in American ports. These measures were followed by the Sugar Act and Stamp Actwhich imposed additional taxes on the colonies to pay for defending the western frontier. However, this did little to end the discontent; ina https://digitales.com.au/blog/wp-content/custom/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-technology-in/strongyloid-stercoralis.php started in Boston when the authorities seized the sloop Liberty on suspicion of smuggling.]
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