Life for women in the 19th century - phrase
At , square kilometres , sq mi , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, the third-largest country in the European Union , and the fifth largest country in Europe. The capital city is Stockholm. Sweden has a total population of The highest concentration is in the central and southern half of the country. Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia.Life for women in the 19th century - for that
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The presence of women in science spans the earliest times of the history of science wherein they have made significant contributions.
Historians with an interest in gender and science have researched the scientific endeavors life for women in the 19th century accomplishments of women, the barriers they have faced, and the strategies implemented to have their work peer-reviewed and accepted in major scientific journals and other publications. The historical, critical, and sociological study of these issues has become an academic discipline in its own right. The involvement of women in medicine occurred in several early western civilizationsand the study of natural philosophy in ancient Greece was open to women.
Women contributed to the proto-science of alchemy in the first or second centuries AD. During the Middle Ages, religious convents were an important place of education for women, and some of these communities provided opportunities for women to contribute to scholarly research. The 11th century saw the emergence of the first universities ; women were, for the most part, excluded from university education. The first known woman to earn a university chair in a scientific field of studies was eighteenth-century Italian scientist Laura Bassi.
Gender roles were largely deterministic in the eighteenth century and women made substantial advances in science. During the nineteenth century, women were excluded from most formal scientific education, but they began to be admitted into learned societies during this period.
In the later nineteenth century, the rise of the women's college provided jobs for women scientists and opportunities for education. Born in Warsaw, PolandMarie Curiepaved the way for scientists to study radioactive decay and discovered the elements radium and polonium. Forty women have been awarded the Nobel Prize between and Seventeen women have fir awarded the Nobel Prize in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine.
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In the s and s, many books and articles about women scientists were appearing; virtually all of the published sources ignored women of color and women outside of Europe and North America. According to academic Ann Hibner Koblitz : [6]. Most work on women scientists has focused on the personalities and scientific subcultures of Western Europe and North America, and historians of women in science have implicitly or explicitly assumed that the observations made for those regions will hold true for the rest of the world.
Koblitz has said that these generalizations about women in science often do not hold up cross-culturally: [7]. A scientific or technical field that might be considered 'unwomanly' in one country in a given period may enjoy the participation of many women in a different historical period or in another country.]
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