Reasons for ottoman decline Video
The Fall of the Ottoman Empire - Casual Historian reasons for ottoman declineThe city fell on 29 May[7] the culmination of a day siege which had begun on 6 April The attacking Ottoman armywhich significantly outnumbered Constantinople's defenders, was commanded by the year-old Sultan Mehmed II later called "the Conqueror"reasons for ottoman decline the Byzantine army was led by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos.
The Fall of Constantinople marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, and effectively the end of the Roman Empirea state which dated back to 27 BC here lasted nearly 1, years. The conquest of Constantinople and the fall of the Byzantine Empire [9] was a key event of the Late Middle Ages and is sometimes considered the end of the Medieval period.
Since ancient times, cities and castles had depended upon ramparts and walls to repel invaders. However, Constantinople's substantial fortifications were overcome with the use of gunpowderspecifically in the form of large cannons and bombards. Constantinople had been an imperial capital since its consecration in under Roman emperor Constantine the Great. In the following eleven centuries, reasons for ottoman decline city had been besieged many times but was captured only once before: the Sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in They fought as allies against the Latin establishments, but also fought among themselves for the Byzantine throne.
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The Nicaeans eventually reconquered Constantinople from the Latins inreestablishing the Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty. Thereafter, there was little peace for the much-weakened empire as it fended off successive attacks by the Latins, SerbsBulgarians and Ottoman Turks. Between and the Black Death killed almost half of the inhabitants of Constantinople.
Bythe empire was exhausted and had shrunk to a few square kilometers outside the city of Constantinople itself, the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara and the Peloponnese with its cultural center at Mystras. The Empire of Trebizond reasons for ottoman decline, an independent successor state that formed in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, was also present at the time on the coast of the Black Sea.
When Mehmed II succeeded his reasons for ottoman decline inhe was just nineteen years old. Many European courts assumed that the young Ottoman ruler would not seriously challenge Christian hegemony in the Balkans and the Aegean. This pair of fortresses ensured complete control of sea traffic on the Bosphorus [12] : and defended against attack by the Genoese colonies on the Black Sea coast to the north. In OctoberMehmed ordered Turakhan Beg to station a large garrison force in the Peloponnese to block Thomas and Demetrios despotes in Southern Greece from providing aid to their brother Constantine XI Palaiologos during the impending siege of Constantinople.
Fifty carpenters and artisans also strengthened the roads where necessary. My friends and men of my empire!
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You all know very well that our forefathers secured this kingdom that we now hold at the cost of many struggles and very great dangers and that, having passed it along in succession from their fathers, from father to son, they handed it down to me. For some of the oldest of you were sharers in many of the exploits carried through by them—those at least of you who are of maturer years—and the younger of you have heard of these deeds from your fathers. They are not such very ancient events nor of such a sort as to be forgotten through the lapse of time. Still, the eyewitness of those who have seen testifies better than does the hearing of deeds that happened but yesterday or the day before. Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI swiftly understood Mehmed's true intentions and reasons for ottoman decline to Western Europe for help; but now the price of centuries of war and enmity between the eastern and western churches had to be paid.
Since the mutual excommunications ofthe Pope in Rome was committed to establishing authority over the eastern church. The imperial efforts to impose union were met with strong resistance in Constantinople. A propaganda initiative was stimulated by anti-unionist Orthodox partisans in Constantinople; the population, as well as the laity and leadership of the Byzantine Church, check this out bitterly divided. Latent ethnic hatred between Greeks and Reasons for ottoman decline, stemming from the events of the Massacre of the Latins in by the Greeks and the Sack of Constantinople in by the Latins, played a significant role.]
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